Comprehensive Continuous Evaluation

everywhere the course of instructions it is the whimsey of every educationist, teacher and general globe that panel or annual enlighten examinations based on analyses in devil or three hours duration provide limited Information on various elements of platform and range of acquisition in any subjects. ln view of the above nearsighted comings in the existing system of paygrade it is desirable that evaluation of scholars should be not only continuous yet comprehensive also.The term unbroken and large Evaluation (CCE) is used for nonplus based evaluation of pupils in which their assessment is done on a ontinuous tooshie through and throughout the year and which Is also comprehensive in nature, in the sense that It Is not bound to assessment In scholastic subjects except also covers co-scholastlc aras such as performance In games/sports, visible education, Creative breeding, Art, Music, Dance, Drama, other cultural activities and in the flesh(predicate) & S ocial qualities. The main aim of CCE is to evaluate every aspect of the churl during their presence at the school.This is believed to friend precipitate the pressure on the nestling during/before examinations as the student provide have to sit for threefold tests hroughout the year, of which no test or the syllabus covered will be repeated at the end of the year, whatsoever. As a part of this unexampled system, students marks will be replaced by grades which will be evaluated through a series of curricular and extra- curricular evaluations along with academics. The aim is to reduce the workload on students and to make better the boilersuit skill and ability of the student by means of evaluation of other activities.Grades be awarded to students based on work experience skills, dexterity, innovation, steadiness, teamwork, public speaking, ehavior, etc. to evaluate and present an overall measure of the students ability. This helps the students who are not good In academics to show their talents in other field . The National Policy on Education (1986) and the Programme of Action (1992) followed by the National Curriculum Framework of take Education (1986 and 2000) reiterated the need for ontogeny the in-person and social qualities In learners.They in a bad way(p) the visor that the evaluation should be comprehensive In nature, wherein all learning experiences pertalnlng to scholastic, co-scholasuc and personal and ocial qualities are assessed. To make this happen the MHRD announced Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation system which is to be implemented in every school . The CCE rule is claimed to bring enormous changes from the traditional chalk and talk method of teaching, provided It Is Implemented accurately.Comprehensive Continuous Evaluation By suvadip_sain provide limited discipline on various elements of curriculum and range of learning continuous basis throughout the year and which is also comprehensive in nature, in he sense that it is not confined to assessment in scholastic subjects but also covers co-scholastic areas such as performance in games/sports, Physical education, This helps the students who are not good in academics to show their talent in other reiterated the need for developing the personal and social qualities in learners.They stressed the point that the evaluation should be comprehensive in nature, wherein all learning experiences pertaining to scholastic, co-scholastic and personal and and talk method of teaching, provided it is implemented accurately.Comprehensive Continuous EvaluationOver the years it is the opinion of every educationist, teacher and general public that board or annual school examinations based on tests in two or three hours duration provide limited information on various elements of curriculum and range of learning in any subjects. In view of the above short comings in the existing system of evaluation it is desirable that evaluation of students should be not only continuous but comprehensive also.The term Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is used for school based evaluation of pupils in which their assessment is done on a continuous basis throughout the year and which is also comprehensive in nature, in the sense that it is not confined to assessment in scholastic subjects but also covers co-scholastic areas such as performance in games/sports, Physical education, Creative Education, Art, Music, Dance, Drama, other cultural activities and Personal & Social qualities.The main aim of CCE is to evaluate every aspect of the child during their presence at the school. This is believed to help reduce the pressure on the child during/before examinations as the student will have to sit for multiple tests throughout the year, of which no test or the syllabus covered will be repeated at the end of the year, whatsoever. As a part of this new system, students marks will be replaced by grades which will be evaluated through a series of curricular and ext ra-curricular evaluations along with academics.The aim is to reduce the workload on students and to improve the overall skill and ability of the student by means of evaluation of other activities. Grades are awarded to students based on work experience skills, dexterity, innovation, steadiness, teamwork, public speaking, behavior, etc. to evaluate and present an overall measure of the students ability. This helps the students who are not good in academics to show their talent in other fields .The National Policy on Education (1986) and the Programme of Action (1992) followed by the National Curriculum Framework of School Education (1986 and 2000) reiterated the need for developing the personal and social qualities in learners. They stressed the point that the evaluation should be comprehensive in nature, wherein all learning experiences pertaining to scholastic, co-scholastic and personal and social qualities are assessed. To make this happen the MHRD announced Continuous and Compre hensive Evaluation system which is to be implemented in every school .

Ict and Banking Industry

A PROJECT REPORT ON THE movement OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFECIENCY OF deponeING INDUSTRY (IN UDAIPUR CITY) IN THE take apartial derivative FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) 2007-2009 PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, UDAIPUR positioning Box No. 12, Pratap Nagar Extension, Airport road Udaipur-313003 Ph 0294-2491340 E escape emailprotected om,emailprotected com Submitted by Submitted to Chanda Joshi Mr. Dhiraj Jain MBA Part-2 Asstt. Professor, PIM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Industrialists in professional life be managely and keenly awargon of their palpate of indebtness to m whatever people who comport stimulated & influenced their intellectual victimisation in ordinarily.The feeling is formally express in customary gestures of cite therefore it seems only advanced to ack promptlyl a simplyment my gratitude with sense of veneration to the al exponenty & various people seconded me to change state in frameatic & smoother manner. I would like to express my profound thank to all the respondents who were co-operative enough and spargond their semiprecious while in filling up the questionnaire. Words argon not in lexicon to express my sincere sense of gratitude for my mentor, elite guide and path Mr. Dhiraj Jain and, Prof. B.P SHARMA (Director, pacific institute of Management) whose valuable guidance instigating encouragement creative thoughts & constructive criticism had helped me to accomplish this interrogation work successfully. CHANDA JOSHI PREFACE The explosive proceeds of nurture and conference engine room (ICT) is swiftly ever-changing the bounding patience and stern competition between the extend numbers of jargons has resulted in high investment on ICT. This report discusses the frame of ICT on imprecateing industry ( profit) in Udaipur city with reference to public and secluded trusts. 2 Questionnaires were employ to collect selective schooling from diverse clie nts and patois employees separately the guests and bank employees accept as true that ICT has an effect on banking industry in India. The results of shoot undoubtedly show the massive imp perform of ICT on the operation of the banking industry in India. INDEX PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. PREFACE 3. decision narkr SUMMARY 4. opening 5. INDUSTRY PROFILE 6. look into METHODOLOGY 7. data INTERPRETATION 8. FINDINGS,CONCLUSIONS . RECOMMENDATIONS 10. QUESTIONNAIRE 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Advances in the banking sphere have ushered in an era of multi product and multi proceeds being delivered exploitation multiple to that extent integrated channels. The function of written report and communication applied science (ICT) is on the increase and encompasses nearly the entire gamut of banking operations. Rising competition and customer expectations have compelled exculpate management work through, and continuously upgrade, agile scalable ICT practi ces and solutions.The enormity and array of banking service combined with the complexity of integrated and ICT changed deli really mechanisms require comprehensive partnerships to be forged between banks and providers of ICT solutions. ICT has a crucial billet to play in the fiscal sector in at least three primary(prenominal) aras improving the range and faculty of banking service available to customers, lighting constitute change magnitude the efficiency of capital grocerys, and bring home the baconing for more(prenominal)(prenominal) effective regulations of all fibers of fiscal markets and related proceedings.The drug abuse of ICT enables a better deli real of banking service to both down paymentors and borrowers within a country and between countries. ICT has a pennyimeral role in the operation of various capital markets much(prenominal)(prenominal) as stock(a) markets, bond markets and foreign exchange markets, and it is intensively apply by market organiz ers, market professionals and investors in this markets. ICT is to a fault an necessity tool for supervisory or regulatory bodies of these markets at both national and international levels.This search presents the exploratory findings of a research study to identify the effect of performance of ICT on the efficiency of banks in Udaipur. The method actingology includes the collection of data by the questionnaire survey. Two characters of questionnaires be to be prep bed for the data collection- One questionnaire has been distributed among the customers to know the efficiency of the banking function by utilise ICT. The second questionnaire is to be filled by the officials of the banks, which lead provide culture roughly the indispensableness, & splendor of the ICT for the efficiency of the bank.Chapter 1 INDUSTRY PROFILE INDUSTRY PROFILE What is banking? bevel may be defined as a financial institution which is engaged in the business of keeping money for economic system s and revealing considers or for exchange or for issuing adds and credit etc. A set of run intend for underground customers and characterized by a higher quality than the services offered to retail customers. Based on the notion of tailor-made services, it aims to offer advice on investment, heritage plans and provide active support for general transactions and the resolution of asset-related occupations.The essential function of a bank is to provide services related to the storing of puzzles and the extending of credit. raw material function may include Credit collection, Issuer of banking notes, Depositor of money and lending gives. at present a days banking isnot in itstraditional counsel, with the advancement of technology its focusingon morecomfort of customerproviding services such as Online Banking Investment Banking electronic Banking Internet Banking PC Banking /Mobile Banking E-Banking The importance of banking sector is immense in the progress and prosperi ty of whatever body politic or country.INDIAN rimING INDUSTRY The growth in the Indian Banking Industry has been more qualitative than quantitative and it is expected to remain the same in the overture eld. Based on the projections made in the India Vision 2020 prepargond by the Planning Commission and the Draft 10th Plan, the report forecasts that the pace of en thumpingment in the balance-sheets of banks is likely to decelerate. The total assets of all scheduled commercial banks by end-March 2010 atomic number 18 estimated at Rs 40, 90,000 crores. That leave alone comprise ab forbidden 65 per cent of GDP at current market prices as comp atomic number 18d to 67 per cent in 2002-03.Bank assets argon expected to grow at an annual complicated rate of 13. 4 per cent during the rest of the decade as against the growth rate of 16. 7 per cent that existed between 1994-95 and 2002-03. It is expected that there volition be large additions to the capital base and reserves on the financial obligation expression. Banks in India ordure be categorized into non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks pay off of commercial banks and co-operative banks. There are ab out(p) 67,000 branches of Scheduled banks spread crosswise India. During the start-off phase of financial reforms, there was a nationalization of 14 major banks in 1969.This crucial step led to a transport from Class banking to Mass banking. Since then the growth of the banking industry in India has been a continuous process. The Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which are the base of the Banking sector in India account for more than 78 per cent of the total banking industry assets. unluckily they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and leave out of modern technology. On the other hand the Private Sector Banks are making tremendous progress. They are leaders in Internet banking, liquid banking, phone banking, ATMs.As far as foreign banks are concer ned they are likely to succeed in the Indian Banking Industry. Indus land Bank was the first private bank to be set up in India. In the Indian Banking Industry some of the Private Sector Banks operating are IDBI Bank, ING Vyasa Bank, SBI Commercial and International Bank Ltd, Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd,Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Bank of Rajasthan Ltd etc are some private sector banks. Banks from the Public Sector include Punjab bailiwick bank, Vijaya Bank, UCO Bank, Oriental Bank, Allahabad Bank , Andhra Bank etc.ANZ Grindlays Bank, ABN-AMRO Bank, Ameri hatful Express Bank Ltd, Citibank are some of the foreign banks operating in the Indian Banking Industry . CHAPTER-2 INTRODUCTION - Meaning of ICT The term ICT describes the use of computer based technology and the profits to refer reading and communication service available to a commodious rang of users. The term is used broadly to address a range of technologies, including telephones. telephone exchange to these is the Internet, which provides the mechanism for transporting data in a number of formats including textual matter, images, sound, and video.Additionally, ICT deals with the mrequest layer, the systems that enable study to be collected and distributed, analyzed, and processed. However, go ICT is generally adaptable to contrary information. Needs and circumstances, its effectiveness in solving development issues silence depends on the content it carries. - The New Era The 21st century depart cultivate about an all embracing convergence of computing, communication, information and knowledge. This will radically change the way we live work and think.The growth of high urge on networks, coupled with the falling personify of computing power, is making possible finishing under dream of in the historical. Voice, data, images, and video may now be transferred around the world in microseconds. This explosion of technology is changing the banking industry from paper and branch banks to digitized and networked banking services. It has already changed the internal accounting and management systems of banks. It is now fundamentally changing the spoken language systems banks use to interact with their customers.All over the world, banks are still struggling to find a technological solution to take on the challenges of a rapidly changing environment. It is clear that this parvenu technology is changing the banking industry forever. Banks with the aptitude to invest and integrate information technology will become dominate in the highly competitive global market. Bankers are convinced that investing in IT is critical. Its potential and consequences on the banking industry future(a) is enormous. - engine room and Banks Transformation -Computers are make outting more sophisticated. They have wedded banks a potential they could only dream about and have granted bank customers high expectations. The changes that stark naked technologies have brought to banking are enormous i n their impact on officers, employees, and customers of banks. Advances in technology are allowing for deliverance of banking products and services more conveniently and effectively then ever before- thus creating modernistic based of competition. Rapid access to critical information and the ability to act quickly and effectively will distinguish the successful banks of the future.The bank gains a vital competitive reinforcement by having a direct market and accountable customer service environment and revolutionary, streamlined business processes. legitimate management decision support system provides the bank that competitive edge to forge ahead in the banking market place. - - Major application The advantage accruing from computerization are three-directional to the customer, to the bank, and to the employee. - For the customer - - Banks are aware of customers need for brand-new services and plan to make them available. It has increase the level of competition and force d them to integrate the new technologies in order to satisfy there customers. They have already developed and implemented a accepted number of solutions among them - * -Self inquiry Facility - Facility for logging into specified self inquiry terminals at the branch to inquire and view the transaction in the account * - Remote banking - Remote terminals at the customer site committed to the respective branch through a modem, enabling the customer to make inquires regarding his accounts, on-line, without having to move from is office. * -Anytime banking- Anywhere banking - Installation of ATMs which offer non-stop cash withdrawal, remittances inquiry facilities. Net running(a) of computerized branches inter-city and intra-city, will permit customers of these branches, when interconnected, to transact from any of these branches. * - Telebanking - 24- Hour service through which enquiries regarding balances and transactions in the account bath be made over the phone. - Electronic banking - This enables the bank to provide corporate or high value customers with lifelike user inter reflection (GUI) software on a PC, to inquire about their. pecuniary transaction and accounts, cash transfers, chequebook issue and inquiry on rates without visiting the bank Moreover, the customer put up send LC text and details on bills, and the bank can download the same. The technology used to provide this service is called electronic data interchange (EDI).It used to enthrall business transaction in computer readable from between governing and individuals in a standard format. * - As information is centralized and updates are available simultaneously at all places, integrity window service become possible, leaving to effective reduction in waiting time. For the bank- During the last decade, banks applied IT to a unsubtle range of back and apparent movement office tasks in addition to a great number of new products. The major advantages for the bank to implement IT are Availability of a tolerant range of inquiry facilities, assisting the bank in business development and acquire up. * Immediate replies to customers queries without reference to ledger-keeper as terminals are provide to mangers and chief mangers * multiplication of various MIS reports & periodical returns on receivable dates.. * Automatic and prompt carrying out of standing instructions on due date and generation of reports. * ready and up-to-date information transfer enabling speedier decisions by interconnecting computerized branches and controlling offices.For the employees IT has increased this productivity through the followings * Accurate computing of cumbersome and time consume jobs such as balancing and involution calculation on due dates. * Automatic printing of covering schedules, deposit receipts, passbook / pass sheet, button the staff from performing these time consuming jobs, and enabling them to give more attention to the needs of customers. * Signature re trieval facility, assisting in verification of transactions, seats at their on terminal. * Avoidance of duplication of entries due to existence of single point data entry.A search of the banking literature reveals that banks are moving rapidly to take advantage of recent and new customer service and cost reduction opportunities that new technologies offer. IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY The mesh is rapidly becoming the information superhighway of a global electronic marketplace. The rising commercial interests in the internet are especially discernable in front-end application such as electronic catalogs, yellow pages, storefronts, malls, and customer support centers.All this application are based on the world all-encompassingly Web (WWW) the fastest growing segment of the Internet. Although back-end applications such as electronic data interchange (EDI) are equally important, their adoption has not been as rapid. One major concern is security measures t he Internet is generally sensed as not secure enough for transmitting sensitive data such as payments. Upon a closer look, however, this view is not warranted, since technologies such as public key encryption and firewalls address essential security concerns.Moreover, such technologies are already available. The only remaining barrier is the need of real world users of those technologies. Investing in technology According to a survey conducted by the American Bankers Association, US banks expenditure on information technology grew from $ 16. 3 billion in 1994 to $ 18. 7 billion in 1995 an increase of 14. 7%, and $ 1 billion more than the same bankers forecasted they would return in last years survey. By 1998, the banks expect to run $ 21. 2 billion (an increase of 7. 1%) The New words Systems.The change magnitude cost of building brick-and-mortar branches, decreasing cost of computers, high delivery be and slow receipts growth force a relook at the ceremonious delivery syst ems. Moreover, growing comfort of technology usage by the customer is rapidly fostering usage of non branch channels for routine transactions. The new strategy changes the focus of the branch from being a high cost transaction center to a provider of a wide range of services like telebanking, customer service kiosks, ATMs, and remote electronic banking.New Marketing Opportunities As the new technology is so expensive banks need to use the new systems to do more than deliver information and canonical services. Banks need the ability to excessively sell insurance and investment products to get a better return on this investment. Telephone banking can obtain financial services to the home or office, especially if they are affordable screen phones. By noticing how much interest the customer expresses, the bank can market stock quotes and insurance quotes.Interactive videos are new technology that banks can make available to the customers to maintain personal contact while still low ering the expenses of delivery service. With an interactive video an expert employee is not undeniable in each branch. Complex life insurance products, open brokerage accounts, customized product illustrations can be widely available where need. The interactive videos will be cost effective expertise. The internet is a medium to allow banks to offer products to customers outside the normal customer base of a branch.Banks are aware of the customers need for these services and plan to make them available before other sources do. THE EFFECT OF ICT ON BANKS Banks is an unusual unanimous because it does not produce any object or tangible product, like a farmer producing rice or Cement Companies producing bags of cement. On any business day, a bank receives information, stores information, processed information, and distributes information. A saving deposit is recorded, an entry is made in someones account, at the right time interest is added, and the customer is periodically provided with a ummary statement. A bestow application is received, a file is started, the application is assessed by a loan officer, and the client is either rejected or provided with a credit. Each of these functions can be handled by hand with ledger and pens or, today, they can be handled but by data entry, computers, and information systems. What ICT does for a bank is to make a dramatic reduction in the costs of handling information and in the transaction costs to the bank and customer of handling a deposit or loan.Clearly, this reduction benefits both the bank and its customers. The impact of high transaction costs is even more acute in rural areas and mischievously Inhibits access even to basic financial services. Out on-going field work shows that a formal lending rate for a farm loan of, say, 15 percent is not sufficient to switch business away from informal lenders who charge a rate of 40 percent or higher. ICT not only increase the efficiency of bank operations but permits b anks to offer a wider array of services such as ATMs, telephonic banking, and computer banking.ICT facilities the deeper penetration of credit card services, thereby expediting business transaction. understructure the scenes an ICT system would permit banks to speed up inter bank check clearing and engage in electronic funds transfer such as direct debiting or salary deposits. A credit authorization would enable banks to obtain accurate and immediate information about a customers credit history and rating, thus lowering ventures, costs, and interest rates. What is perhaps less well known, is that ICT dose not merely lower information and transactions costs and improve bank efficiency and services.With the development or proper accounting and reporting standards, an ICT system also improves the ability of bank and capital market regulators to track the information they need to gravel financial markets . ICT can help takes and customs authorities to expedite revenue collections a nd if properly handled it can greatly reduce the potential for unwarranted side payments. Role of information technology in banking industry I. T. in Banking 1). Technology has opened up new markets, new products, new services and effectual delivery channels for the banking industry.Online electronics banking, mobile banking and internet banking are just a few examples. 2). Information Technology has also provided banking industry with the wherewithal to deal with the challenges the new economy poses. Information technology has been the cornerstone of recent financial sector reforms aimed at increasing the speed and reliability of financial operations and of initiatives to uphold the banking sector. 3). The IT revolution has set the stage for unprecedented increase in financial activity across the globe.The progress of technology and the development of world wide networks have significantly reduced the cost of global funds transfer. 4). It is information technology which enables b anks in meeting such high expectations of the customers who are more demanding and are also more techno-savvy compared to their counterparts of the yester years. They demand instant, anytime and anywhere banking facilities. 5). IT has been providing solutions to banks to take bang of their accounting and back office requirements. This has, however, now given way to large scale usage in services aimed at the customer of the banks.IT also facilitates the introduction of new delivery channelsin the form of modify Teller Machines, Net Banking, Mobile Banking and the like. Further, IT deployment has assumed such high levels that it is no longer possible for banks to manage their IT implementations on a stand alone basis with IT revolution, banks are increasingly interconnecting their computer systems not only across branches in a city but also to other geo chartical locations with high-speed network infrastructure, and setting up local area and wide area networks and connecting them t o the Internet.As a result, information systems and networks are now exposed to a growing number. Technology Products (1). Net Banking (2). Credit Card Online (3). One tantrum (4). InstaAlerts (5). Mobile Banking (6). NetSafe (7). e-Monies Electronic Fund take (8). Online Payment of Excise & function Tax (9). Phone Banking (10). Bill Payment (11). Shopping (12). Ticket conflict (13). Railway Ticket Booking through SMS (14). Prepaid Mobile charge (15). Smart Money Order (16). Card to Card Funds Transfer (17). Funds Transfer (ECheques) (18). Anywhere Banking (19). Internet Banking (20). Mobile Banking (21). emailprotected (i) Express Delivery 22). Cash on Tap (ii) Normal Delivery Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY look in common idiom refers to the search for knowledge. It can also be define as scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation research is a sweep of discovery . it is also utter to be the pursuit of truth with the help of study , observation , comparison and experiment. The rule of research in several(prenominal) fields of applied economics weather related to business or to economy as a whole, has greatly influenced in modern times.The increasing complex nature of business and government has focused on the use of research in solving problem. According to Kiplinger research is a systematic, controlled, data-based and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relation among natural phenomenon. distinction of query ? Research is a systematic and critical investigation into a Phenomenon ? Research is not a mere compilation, but a nonrandom investigation. ? It aims at describing, interpreting and explaining a phenomenon. ? It adopts scientific method. ? It is objective and logical. It is based upon the discernible experience and empirical evidence. ? It is directed towards finding answers to pertinent question and Solution. exemplify in Research Process ? formulating the research problem ? Choice of research design ? find out sources of data ? Designing data collection forms ? Determining sampling design and sampling size ? Organizing and conducting the field survey ? bear upon and analyzing the collected data ? Preparing the research report RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Objectives of the proposed study are as under- 1) To study the effectiveness of ICT in banks of Udaipur city. (2) To study the effect of the ICT on service delivery of banks. RESEARCH DESIGN - A Research Design specifies the methods and procedures for conducting a particular study. The researcher should attribute the approach he intends to use with respect to the proposed study. Broadly speaking Research Designs can be groped in to 3 categories 1. Exploratory research 2. Descriptive research 3. workaday Research For achieving the research objectives which are already stated clearly, The Descriptive Research method was adopt ed. SAMPLE SIZE -It describes how many an(prenominal) employees and customers of the bank should be surveyed 25 employees and 25 customers of private as well public banks were surveyed. SAMPLING proficiency- Respondents were selected on the basis of convenience sampling in the received private As well as public banks of Udaipur city SAMPLE social unit - For the study two types of samples are to be selected (a) Customers of the banks (b) Bank Employees TOOLS OF DATA arrangement - The following tools were used for the data collection 1. Structured questionnaire By asking the structured questions to the employees and customers by interviewing. . Review of written document some part of this study was collected from the journals and books. CHAPTER-4 DATA INTERPRETATION Various banks in which these employees are working Various banks in which customers are having their accounts A. FOR THE CUSTOMERS Q. 1 TYPES OF ACCOUNTS? indication The supra chart shows about the types of accounts of the customers in the bank. In it 76% have saving account ,12%of customers are having current & 12% 0f customers are having both type of account in the banks. Q. 2 Awareness of the changes due to ICT? meter readingThe above graph shows the 98% of the customers are aware of the changes due to ICT, but very less ( 2% ) of customers were unaware of it. Q. 4 For last how many years is your bank using ICT? description The76% customers respondents their bank using ICT for last 5 & above years and 24% of customer express that their bank is using ICT for the 0-5 years. Q. 5 is both department computerized? Interpretation 92% customers respond that every department is computerized in their bank but very few customers i. e. 8% verbalize that every department is not computerized Q. Do you find any problem while using ICT? Interpretation The above graph shows that 60% of customers find no difficulty while using ICT, 32% said it is very difficult to understand and 8%% find it difficult to give way. Q . 7 Do you find bank staff co-operating ? Interpretation 97% of customers said that there bank staff is co-operating but 3% respond negatively. Q. 8 Do you think ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank? Interpretation preceding(prenominal) graph shows that the 82% of customers were strongly concur and 18% were agreed that ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank. Q. Are you satisfied with the banking services providing you after(prenominal) using ICT? Interpretation Above graph shows that the 82% of customers were strongly satisfied, 16% were agreed satisfied but only 2% were dissatisfied with the services providing to them after using ICT. Q. 10 Is any return requisite in this type of services? Interpretation Above graph shows that the 84% of customers needed improvement in ICT, 16% said that no improvement is required. B. FOR BANK EMPLOYEES Q. 1 Awareness of the changes due to I. C. T. ? Interpretation The above graph shows that awareness l evel of the respondents due to the hanges of I. C. T. 100% are aware with the changes due to the I. C. T. in the banks. Q. 2 Is your bank using I. C. T.? Interpretation The all respondents said that their bank is using information and communication technology. Q. 3 For how long I. C. T. is used in this bank? Interpretation The Above graph shows about the year of ICT using being used in banks . In it78% of the banks are using ICT from past 0-5 years. After that 22% of the banks are using I. C. T. from past 6-10 year. And no bank has experience to use the I. C. T . more than 11 years. Q. 4 Do you think that implementation of I. C.T. in banks is essential and effective in banks? Interpretation The above graph shows that the implementation of I. C. T. in banks is very much essential and effective . 66% of employees are strongly agree with it & 34% of employees were agree. Q. 5 Has I. C. T. brought positive changes in your way of working? Interpretation The above graph shows that the inf ormation and communication technology has brought very positive changes in the working way of doing job 68% respondents were strongly agree with it but the very least i. e. 2%of respondents were strongly resist with the statement.Q. 6 Has I. C. T. brought the positive changes in this bank? Interpretation 68% of employees accepted that I. C. T. has brought positive changes in their bank ,28% were agree with it but 4% of respondents were dissent with fact. Q. 7 Do you face any problem while using I. C. T.? Interpretation 82% of the employees do not find any difficulty in using the new system. 10% of the employees find the new system difficult to understand . 8% of the employees find difficulty in operating the new system. Q. 8 Has training been provided to the employees to use the new system tech. ?Interpretation The above graph shows that 42% 0f employees were strongly agree that they got the training to use the new system technology, 36% were agree but 20% were differ & 2% were s trongly protest about the acquiring of training for using the technology. Q. 9 Has I. C. T. improved the mathematical operation of the bank employees ? Interpretation 66% of respondents were strongly agree that the I. C. T. has improved the performance in their bank, 30% were agree but the rest were disagree with this. Q. 10 Has I. C. T. lead to loss of jobs in banking sector? InterpretationThe above graph shows that 64%0f employees were strongly agree that I. C. T has lead to loss of jobs in banking sector,16% of employees were disagree with the statement. Q. 11 Has I. C. T. touched efficiency in banking services? Interpretation The above graph shows that 68% 0f employees were strongly agree that I. C. T. has affected the banking services,30% were also agree & 2% were disagree with it. CHAPTER- 5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Findings 1. 66% of the customers respond that they are getting better services after using Information & communication technology. 2.It was foun d that 98% of customers & 100% of employees a were of the Changes due to new system technology. 3. It was found that 82% of customers strongly agreed that ICT has improved the Service delivery of the bank. 4. 98% of employees of employees accepted that the information & Communication technology has affected the banking service in positive Manner. 5. This was found that because of ICT has lead to the loss of jobs in banking sector. 6. During the study it was found that because of lower network connectivity Employees as well as customers were getting problem in service. . 100% of Employees as well as customers said that the implementation of I. C. T. is essential & effective in banks. Conclusion * Banks offering internet-based products and services should have authentic and secure methods to authenticate their customers. * The level of certification used by the financial institution should be appropriate to the risk associated with those products and services. * Financial institutio n should conduct a risk assessment to identify the types and levels of risk associated with their internet banking application.Where risk assessments indicate that the use of single-factor authentication is inadequate, financial institutions should implement multifactor authentication, layered security, or other controls jolly calculated to mitigate those risks, the agencies hear single-factor authentication, as the only control mechanism, to be inadequate in the carapace of high risk transaction involving access to customer information or the movement of funds to other parties. * Most of the customers are satisfied with the services provided by banks. The objective of the study was to find out the effect of information & communication Technology on the efficiency of banking sector in certain private as well as public banks, It was to find out how service delivery is effected after using the ICT in banks. * The study concludes that information & communication technology plays more significant role in the increasing of the banking efficiency in both, private as well as public sector banks. RECOMMENDATIONS- ? Raise awareness and promote the concept of information &Communication technology among the customers as well as bank Employees. The method of authentication used in a specific internet application Should be appropriate and reasonable, from a business perspective, In light of the reasonably foreseeable risks in that application. ? Conduct training programme once in the month. ? Encourage the use of E-Commerce by providing the better & fast Services. ? An effective authentication method should have customer acceptance, Reliable performance, scalability to accommodate growth, and Interoperability with existing systems and future plan . With the growth in electronic banking and commerce, financial Institutions should use reliable methods of originating new customer accounts online. ? Financial institutions should rely on multiple layers of controls to balk f raud and safeguard customers information. ? Recognize the needs of employees while using the ICT. ? should provide the fast & regular ICT services so that employees can deliver the fast services & customers can gat the better services. ? The daily updating & awareness of new changes in ICT must be in Practice.LIMITATIONS ?The research conducted was limited to Udaipur City only. ?Findings of the study are based on the assumption that respondents have Divulged the correct information. ?The study is confined to selected groups of employees & customers in banks of Udaipur city. ? hardly a(prenominal) respondents were so much occupied with their work that they could not Spare time to fill the questionnaire. ?Due to unwillingness of providing any information, the respondents Filled the questionnaire casually which might have affected the conclusion.BIBLIOGRAPHY www. google. com www. rediff. com Kothari. C. R Research methodology methods & techniques Questionnaire 1 FOR BANK EMPLOYEES C ontact Person________________________________________________ Age______ Gender_____ Designation_______ Phone No. _____________ Official Address_______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Q. 1Are you a were of the changes due to information and communication Technology in banking system? Yes No Q. 2 Is your Bank using I. C. T.? Yes No Q. 3If yes, for how long I. C. T. is used in this bank? 0 5 6 10 11 and above Q. 4Do you think that implementation of ITC is essential and effective for Banking sector? A) look into B) disaccord C) strongly hold D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 5Has ICT Brought Positive changes in your working way of doing job?A) take B) differ C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 6Do you think that ICT has brought Positive changes in this bank? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 7What problem do you f ace while using this new system technology? A) troublesome to operate B) Difficult to downstairsstand C) Easy Q. 8Did you get training to use the new system technology?A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 9Do you think ICT has improved the performance of employees in this bank? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q10Do you think ICT has lead to loss of jobs in banking sector? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 11Has ICT affected the productivity / efficiency in Banking services? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 12Is any improvement required? Yes No Questionnaire 2 FOR CUSTOMERS Contact person_________________ Age ____________ Gender__________________ Educational Qualification Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Other specify Q1. What type of Account do you operate?A) Saving B) C urrent C) other specify Q. 2For how long have you been using this bank? A) 0 5 B) 5 10 C) 10 15 15 and above Q. 3Are you aware of the changes due to information and communication Technology in banking system? A) Yes B) No Q. 4For last how many years your bank is using I. C. T.? A) 0 5 B) 5 and Above Q. 5Is every Department is computerized? A) Yes B) NO Q. Do you find any problem while using this new system technology? A) Difficult to operate B) Difficult to understand C) Easy Q. 7Do you find Bank staff co-operating? A) Yes B) NO SQ. 8Did you get any help services to use new system technology? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree D) Neutral Q. 9 Do you think ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank ?A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree D) Neutral Q. 10Are you satisfied with the Banking services providing you after using I. C. T.? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D ) Strongly disagree D) Neutral Q. 11Do you have account in both public sectors Bank as well as in private sector Bank? A) Yes B) No Q. 12if any improvement required? A) Yes B) No

The Pros and Cons of Using E-Tendering in Singapore

THE PROS AND CONS OF USING E-TENDERING IN SINGAPORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY head start names YAP Last name YEE THARM Abstract E- cutting tooling is a relatively new and modern technique of tending strategy. The transaction washbasin be finished with(p) from business-to-business, business-to-consumer or Business-to- g e genuinelyplacenment legal action buy and sale of beneficials, flora and operate d unitary the Internet or former(a)(a) networking strategys. This paper examines the pros and cons of apply E- painfuling in the detonator of capital of capital of capital of Singapore look Industry and the future trend of E- inviteing in Singapore.Although E- tendering has been usanced by the various Singapore politics de surgical incisionments for m each years on their procurement of materials and services for local and global with great success, however the undercover celestial sphere in Singapore is steady slow in using it as a tendering agreement. As e-tendering is recognized as a state-of-the-art for procurement which is proven to be efficient by the local Government and other advanced countries (eg. US, UK, china, Hong Kong, flowerpotada etc. ), however the low usage by the head-to-head section in Singapore shows that there must be somewhat limitation or disadvantages in using it.May be there ar some problems on trim backyw be and the social occasionr not competent to purpose it for this purpose. Or whitethornbe in Singapore there is a study for the government or a private comp whatsoever(prenominal) to lead and cater a national wide scale of centralizes e-tendering brass to cater for each(prenominal) the private tenders in Singapore reflection Industry. Whatever it is, the advantages of E-tendering ar off the beaten track(predicate) exceeding the disadvantages and it has shown greater potential in the improvement of efficiency to renew the handed-down tendering system.Therefore a study to look into the pros and cons of this tendering system is worth the effect. As eventually E-tendering has great potential in increasing efficiency in braid sector in Singapore-tendering by cutting down the-tendering court and succession and reduce the bureaucratic branches in the handed-down tendering process. Keywords E-tender, Singapores GeBIZ, E Submission, Information frames, Pros and cons, taint computer science device, construction. 1. 0 Introduction The use of calculating machine techno recordies in the world today has revolutionized the processes in the construction pains.The construction diligence in Singapore has overly faced the same radical and sprightly changes in the use of Information engineering (IT) in almost all part of the process of the construction (from pre-tender estimating, tendering, and construction to post tender analysis). procurance and tendering ar an important function for e very(prenominal) organisation including construction industry. It is a vital and important activity for a company to gain return and continue to survive. Especially in Construction Industry, every ancestry is on contract tolerate, construction company study to secure jobs done tender in order to continue its business.The traditional tendering practices apply by Construction Company be largely traditional and involve managing papers or using email to send and receive documents, addenda, correspondence, weightlift submissions and award light upons. With the asylum of submission of tender electronically, cartridge holder and effort has been shorten tremendously. Other part of the world however electronic tendering has been getting popular over the other(prenominal) few years and is now being commonly used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New S verbotenh Wales, India, Hong Kong, United States and in China. (The PRC China has been using e-tender for to a greater extent than 10 years.This year China is celebrating the 10th anniversary of E- procurement rule, the ir sack upsite is www. ccgp. gov. cn). Singapore is a developed country with very undecomposed coverage of wireless network and fibre optic cable. The use of computer is very oftentimes the common practice of government department and private company. However the use of e-tendering so far in Singapore has been special to government department procurement. For private construction industry the usage of e-tendering is smooth limited. This paper explore into the pros and cons of using e-tendering in Singapore construction industry and its future phylogeny. . 0E- peckishing in the Singapore Construction Industry E- Tendering in Singapore hugger-mugger construction The government department of Singapore has been using E-tendering for to a greater extent than 10 years, the Singapore Economy Development has also been giving inducing to encourage developers and asserters who ar keen in using IT for their business. However up to today the private construction sector in Singapore i s still limited in usage of E-tendering. Many Developers and Contractors in Singapore atomic number 18 still finding it more comfortable to use traditional tendering system. E- Tendering in Singapore GovernmentThe e-tendering used by the government of Singapore is called GeBiz, which shine from the word Government program line. The GeBIZ, or the Government E tendering, was set up in June 2000. The main objective of this system is to simplify government procurement and tender activities. It was part of the programme for businesses under the e-Government Action Plan (20002003) in Singapore. GeBIZ is a one-stop centre for suppliers to carry access to all procurement opportunities in the humankind sector and to trade electronically with the government departments. The Singapore government E-tender website address is at http//www. ebiz. gov. sg/. Now 100% of the Singapore government Tenders or references are using GeBIZ as a platform for procurement for good and services. As of t oday, Infocomm Technology (ICT) has become a study part of the Singapore public sectors DNA for public authorities and service delivery. Due to the event of Singapore e-government efforts, Singapore has been consistently recognised as a draw in major international benchmarking studies. Our Singapore Governments progressive efforts in using ICT ease up also gained local and worldwide information and awards.More importantly, the citizens and businesses have embraced in e-government service. In 2010, almost 9 break through of 10 of Singapore citizens and businesses expressed satisfaction with the overall quality of government e-services. (http//www. egov. gov. sg/about-egov-introduction) The process of using Singapores GeBIZ Company who wishes to tender for government job gather up first to apply as a member of Singapores GeBIZ. Upon approved as a member, a password for log in to GeBIZ is given to the company. There are two categories of E-tendering in the GeBIZ. Tender Goods or services estimated to be valued above $7,000 Singapore dollar. Quotation Goods or service estimated be valued below $7,000 Singapore dollar. once a member log on the GeBIZ, the intrusive for specific notice poop be done by indicating the search condition as shown below by heeling on the GO button. pic embark 1 searching for a tender (source from http//www. gebiz. gov. sg/. ) For masking of the details of the-tender and quotation notice, simply click on the GO button of the screen below. pic framing 2 viewing of affix tender or quotation. source from http//www. gebiz. gov. sg/. ) The constractor provoke download or view directly the drawings and specifications posted in the GeBIZ to estimate the-tender determine. Tender price ignore then be submitted to the website electronically. Once the-tender is closed, the-tender allow be evaluated by the relevant governmant authority (who post the tender) and the result of the-tender ordain be proclaimed on the GeBIZ for p ublic information. Hardware and Software requirement for GeBIZ tendering in Singapore. The succeeding(a) are the required demandingware and software for a contractor to use the Singapore GeBIZ.In order to use the Singapore Government e-tendering GeBiz, A contractor needs to have a computer meet the followers recommended system requirement. The computers which do not meet these requirements might not be congruous and unable to use the system for tender. Hardware Computer must have a tokenish 500MHz processor or higher with a hard disc at least 64 MB RAM, the internet alliance to be minimum 256kbps or higher. Software Computer with a Windows operating(a) System consist of Windows 2000, Windows XP or Window 7. As for Internet Browser, having a Internet Explorer 6. , 7. x, 8. x and 9. 0 will be enough. 2. 1How E-Tendering works E-tendering is an electronic tendering solution to facilitate the complete-tendering process from the advertising of the requirement through to the signi ng of the contract. This includes the exchange of all relevant documents (drawing, specifications etc) in electronic soft copy format. In other words E-tendering is a process of carrying out entire-tendering Cycle Online including submission of Price romp in such(prenominal) that Efficiency, Economy, upper of Internet substructure be reach outd without the use of paper form of hardcopy.It also eliminates the need to transfer of documents between the Client and bidders. E-tendering Cycle foot be broken in key modules as the figure below Figure 3 The E- tendering cycle 2. 2Traditional Tendering System vs. E tendering The advantages of traditional tendering liken to E-tendering System can be summarised as below Traditional Tendering System long-range Procurement Cycle More time needed to mark tender documents for all the contractors requesting for tendering. A normal construction tender using traditional tendering system can take up to 2 to 4 months for a cycle. More Expensiv eThe printing of tender documents such as drawings and specifications are pricey and a lot of money is spent for plants and labour for transportation of the documents. motif hindquartersd Procurement Traditional tendering basically is paper based procurement, documents such as drawings, specifications and forms are printed on paper, which is not environmentally friendly. Restricted Mobility cover based tender document is not mobile and inconvenient to supply it along for reading and estimation. These documents also require large storage place and it is labour intensive to handle. Cant do work on HolidaysThe-tender documents are usually placed at the office and the working arcminute for office is usually 9am to 5pm. No work can be done after these hours and during weekend and public holidays. Prone to Human errors Paper documents are prone to human errors, as missing of knaves or printing errors. besmirch print due to low sign or no ink for some pages can happen. case not sharable Tendering documents such as specifications are usually A4 size and can only viewed by a mortal alone, unlike e-tender document which can be roveed to a gargantuan screen and shared by as many people as possible for separate discussion and meeting. Physical SecurityTender documents stored in the office specially those documents which have sensitive speak to information, e. g. Filled up Bill of Quantity. These documents can pose a business security threats as they are important to the competitive contractors. Wastage of space to store bids Unlike e-tender the documents, the document for traditional tenering need physical space for storage. E Tendering System Shorter Procurement Cycle E Tendering system is computer based the cycle is much shorter as compare to traditional tendering system. one and only(a) major thriftiness of time comes from the cutting down of transporting of documents. Economical Due to the fact that hard copies of the documents are pricey , it is very much economical to store and use the soft copies in the computer and website. The follow of using the computer and software are quite fixed. Environmentally lucky As compare to traditional tendering system, E-tender consumes almost no paper. Hence it is very environmentally friendly. Anytime Anywhere Bidding E-tendering can be conducted any time anywhere i. e. 24 hours a day, 360 days a year and globally anywhere as long as there is Internet connection. Bidding is possible on HolidaysBidding is possible even during weekend or public Holiday, as long as before the tender is closed. Automated & stainless process As e-tender is mechanically carried out by the computer, thereof it decrease the human. The process will be accurate and almost instantly done. Shareable Content The content for E-tender documents is easily shareable among the company ply, as long as they have a computer or laptop and a given a password. The content also easily shared in a group meeti ng with a projector, which is a conducive environment for group discussion. Fool-proof SecuritySecurity for the documents is fool-proofed as only let people with the password can access to the uprightness documents. Lifelong storage on CD Document stored in the CD or hardisk for e-tender can hold water for eternity (provided that the CD and hardisk will kick the bucket as long) as compare to paper documents. It is also easy retrievable. One click access to bids When all the calculation for the-tender sum is done, it is only one click away from bidding. 2. 3Pros and cons to call for e-tenders. Pros to the Suppliers/Contractors Anytime & Anywhere Bidding Due to the development of wireless communication, E-tendering is globalized.Everywhere in the world as long as you are connected in the website, bidding is possible. Fair, Free and Fearless participation for vendors. As all vendors registered are inured as equal, the competition is fair, free and no barrier. No dependence o n Newspaper, Courier. All posting is website base, hence the forwarding does not require Newspaper or Courier service. No administrative hassle The administrative is very much simple and simplified as all documents can be view through the computer screen. Can carry out all tendering process from any computer E-tendering is web based.Hence any computer, laptop or even I phone can do the job. Economical Saving on traveling cost is tremendous. As the link between the Client and contractor is through internet, it minimizes the physical travelling. Reduces efforts & cost of bidding The efforts for each individual module and the manpower required for prep of tender is reduced, hence the over cost of bidding is less. No tenders can be missed because of distance The bosses of the lymph node or contractor may be travelling overseas, but they can access to the E-tender website anytime anywhere in the world. Miss viewing of the tender has become the past. Can submit bid at last minut e The closing of E-tender is link to the time. As no travelling is needed to the clients office to submit a tender, contractor can always clip the submit on the last minute/second. Pros to the-tendering Authorities/Clients Completely Automated Process The E-tender process in clients computers are all automated, the list of bidding contractors is sorted out in the ascending order from lowest price to the highest. Shortens Procurement Cycle just about of the clients hope that the procurement cycle be short, the E-tendering is best able to achieve this requirement. Economical and Environment Friendly As E-tender system required minimum paper, all information is stored in the computer for processing and retrieving. A computer can be used for 3 to 5 years, as for traditional tendering documents it is disposed once it is used. Greater Transparency The E-tendering website is open to all the authorized and registered members hence all of them are able to mark the data posted in the web site with great transparency. Improvement in work nicety in the departments It create a more friendly and conducive working culture in the departments, as less miscommunication between staff occur. System aid Evaluation process After the closed of tender, the E-tender system will automatically aid in evaluating the most suitable tender. It cut down the time for evaluation. Minimize Human errors Most of the process is carry out in the computer, hence minimize human errors. Minimal Storage Space A computer is all you need for storage of all the tendering document. Printing out of hard copy is only needs required. Change in knowledge The perception of a company will be changed as E-tendering is utilise for a Client. It will become a more progressive and proactive organization. Lesser hassle of communication and administration Communication between client and contractor, among staff will be much easier through computer and administration will have lesser hassle. The cons or disa dvantages of using e tender Cost The initial cost to set up the computer system can be quite costly. As E-tender required the purchase of expensive hardware and the necessary software. Staff The company need to employ staff competence in the use of e-tendering system or train up their alert staff to use the e-tendering system.Security of the e-tendering system An effective and secure e-tendering system needs to make sure that any communication that passes through the system is secure and safe. As all the data are passing through the open networks such as the internet. Care must be taken to find that all the information passed between tenderers and the Client be treated as confidential. The major risk of infections are that confidential information transmitted over opened networks may be exposed to or altered by malicious parties. There is also the risk of malicious parties generating false messages, impersonating other parties or denying that messages have been emailed. . How to overcome these limitations Cost Construction Company can get a loan from bank to purchase the e-tendering system, through the saving of the e-tendering process soon the cost would be recovered. Staff Company can directly employ e-tender system competence staff to from the employment mart utility(a)ly can send their staff to be trained to use the system. Security One of the major problems of e-tendering is to prevent the unauthorised usage of the e-tender account. The following are a few new computer technologies in the mart which are capable of overcoming these problems. BiometricsBiometric verification of two authorized users can be used in for tender opening process. This method is using figure print of any two authorized individual the web page will not be able to open if two fingers print doesnt match. This appliance also helps to establish that user remains physically present when Tender opens. pic Figure 4. Biometrics appliance Role Base memory access This will o nly allow access to website on the basis of rights allocated to an authorised user or Group of Users. This ensure that Tampering by unauthorized person become not possible. The existing Organization pecking order also can be mapped into the system. pic Figure 5. Role Base portal appliance term Based Access The system ensures that no activity can be carried out before due date & Time for e. g. Tender cannot be opened even by authorized User before due date. Server Time cannot be tampered as it is mapped to topic Standard Time Server. pic Figure 6 Time Based Access Security System With all these security tools in place to ensure security of the website, the usage of e-tendering is getting more and more secure nowadays. 5. reaching of future of e-tendering Cloud compute The future e-tender is by using Cloud deliberation. Just what is slandering computer?It is not sitting among the demoralize to do the job, it is instead of using our own deal outr to store data, pervert figuring is using taint server for storage of data and retrieving from them. The focus is on the website and not the computer hardware. When the data is needed for large processing, it can be scale up as much as one can instantly and once work done it is released back to the cloud. The working dogma is like using the computer power from the cloud instead of using the companys own computer hardware. It is just like fee for redeeming for electricity and gas instead of having our own generator and having a large gas storage tank.Cloud computer is also like hiring a car to travel instead of buying a car. The advantages of using cloud can be listed as below Scalability Glow and shrink as and when you wanted. Instant It can be turn on and off anytime any place you like. Economical Pay for the time you use and there is no need for the hardware and it is time saving. In other words it is pay as you use picFigure 7. Cloud computing system (Source from Google cloud computing image ) 2. 6 Types of Cloud computing There are three types of cloud computing in the market namelyInfrastructure as a service (IaaS), computer programme as a process (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), it has his advantages and disadvantages. SAAS-Software as a server Each beseechs a different level of user flexibility and control. Saas allows users to run existing online applications. It is the easiest way of using, where off-the-shelf applications are accessed over the Internet. The advantages are Free or paid via subscription, it is accessible from any computer and able to facilitates collaborative working. However its business generic applications may not always suitable for their own business use. PAAS- Platform as a server Allows users to create their own cloud applications using supplier specific tools and languages. It provides environment and tools for creating new online applications. Eg. Google has Google App Engine which enables a user to progress to and host we b application on the same system, which no need to worry about hardware. Micro soft has a Window cerulean Platform. Salesfore has a website called Force. com which can build up and host for free. The system can be rapidly development at low cost and used Private or public deployment.However it limits developers to provider languages and tools and it also have the risk of vendor lock-in. IAAS- Infrastructure as a server Allows users to run any applications they are please on cloud hardware of their own choice. Figure 8 The interrelationship between the Cloud Clients and the three types of cloud computing Cloud computer deployment models pic There are four forms of Cloud computing applications Public cloud Public cloud applications, storage, and other resources are make available to the general public by a service provider. These services are usually free or offered on a pay-per-use model.Generally, public cloud service providers like Microsoft and Google own and operate the infra structure and offer access only via Internet. Other means of direct connection is not possible. Community cloud Community cloud shares infrastructure between some(prenominal) organizations from a specific community with common concerns for example security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc. , whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud, but it is more than a private cloud, so only some of the cost savings potential of cloud computing are realized. hybrid cloud Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds it can be private, community or public. It can remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the usefulnesss of multiple deployment models. By utilizing hybrid cloud architecture, companies and individuals are able to obtain some horizontal surfaces of fault tolerance combined with locally immediate usability without dependency on internet connectivity. Hybrid Cloud a rchitecture requires both on-premises resources and remote server based cloud infrastructure.The disadvantage of Hybrid clouds is that it lacks the flexibility, security and certainty of in- mark applications. Hybrid cloud provides the flexibility of in house applications with the fault tolerance and scalability of cloud based services. Private cloud Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. Undertaking a private cloud project requires a significant level and degree of operatement to practical(prenominal)ize the business environment, and it will require the organization to re-evaluate decisions about existing resources.When it is done right, it can have a positive impact on a business, but every one of the steps in the project raises security issues that must be addressed in order to stay off serious vulnerabilities. The major disadvantage is because users st ill have to buy, build, and manage them and hence do not benefit from less hands-on management fundamentally the economic model that makes cloud computing such an interesting concept. 3. 0 Conclusions In conclusion, this paper finds that e-tendering has many pros and cons in the system. However we can see that the pros have exceeded the cons, i. e. he advantages are far more than disadvantages. With the breakthrough in computer technology and the addition of science, the various problems face by the user in e-tendering now will be easily overcome very soon. As the construction industry in Singapore is one of the major industries that contributed to the nation building and giving the most impact to the parsimony, the benefits that brought by the e-tendering will definitely benefit the Construction Industry and Singapore national economy as a whole. However new problems may also bulge out and these need to be overcome continuously to bring about advancement of the system.Eventuall y all the other industry will be able to benefit from the achievement. 4. 0 Recommendation In view of the current situation in Singapore construction Industry, only the government is using e-tendering in a wide spread scale. I would like to recommend the government to begin and set up an e-tendering system similar to the current GeBIZ system to serve the Singapore private Construction sector. The Singapore government has more than 10 years experience in the e-tendering system, they should have no problem in setting up an equal if not better e-tendering server than the Government e-tendering GeBIZ.Since setting up an e-tendering need a large initial capital investment, as a financially strong Singapore Government this should not pose any problem, moreover it will eventually benefit the economy of Singapore. In order to fully harness the benefits of e-tendering system, the main contractors must specify and make changes to their company itself to equip with the necessary skills and r esources for the e-tendering system. Contractors are recommended to train their staff to be competent in the use of e-tendering system. Companies may also engage professional consultants or experts to set up e-tendering in their company.As e-tendering has proven to be an advantage for the Main contractor to be the better competitor and increase their productivity and profits, I strongly believe that in the years to come, e-tendering will be used both by the private and government construction tendering in Singapore. 5. 0 References Bett. D. Black. P. Christensen. S. Dawson, E, Du, R. , Duncan. W. , et al. (2006). Towards secure and legal e-tendering. Journal of Information and Technology in Construction, XI. 89-102 Bourn J. (2002). Better Public Services Through e-Government. London, matter Audit Office (NAO). http//www. nao. org. uk/news/0102/0102704. aspx Baldwin, A. N.Thorpe, A and Carter, C (1999). The use of electronic information exchange on Construction alliance projects. Au tomation in Construction. 8(6). 651-662 CRC Construction Innovation, 2006. e Tendering Security and Legal Issues Tindsley G. & Stephenson P,. 2008 E-Tendering Process with Construction UK emplacement Tsinghua Science & Technology, Bol. 13, 273-278 B. Kumar and J. C. P. Cheng (2010), Cloud Computing and its Implications for Construction IT, Computing in elegant and Building Engineering, Proceedings of International Conference. W. TIZANI (Editor). 30June 2 July, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Press, Paper 158. P. 31Akintola,A. A. (2011). A mass of the State of the Art of E-tendering in Nigeria. Journal of Information Technology inConstruction, 16. 557-576. Al-Maadeed, S. (2011). Multi-evaluatins of Tenders in E-tendering System. Internatinal Conference on Technology and Business Management. 3. 201-207. Singapore governments one-stop e-procurement portal http//www. gebiz. gov. sg/. underlying Government Autumn 2001 Paper free-tendering a 21st Century alternative Public S ervice. Website http//ww. publicservice. co. uk/article. asp? publication=Central%20Government (Accessed 25/06/2012) Building and Construction Authority Singapore http//www. bca. ov. sg/ 12. Tender Audit & Storage 11. Vender fitting & Rating 1. Tender Notice 10. Tender Award 2. Tender forward motion E-Tendering Cycle 9. Negotiation 3. Tender Document 8. Tender Evaluation 4. Pre Bid Meeting 5. Bid Submission 7. Tender storage & Opening 6. pay Gateway Cloud Clients Web browser, mobile app, thin client, terminal emulator, SaaS CRM, Email, virtual desktop, communication, games, PaaS Execution runtime, database, web server, development tools, IaaS Virtual machines, servers, storage, load balancers, network, Figure 9. The cloud computer models (Source from Google cloud computing image)

Blood Brothers evaluation Essay

The performance was melodramatic with big wad gestures and with altered voices. Being melodramatic and the big gestures made it clearer to see what was misfortune on stage especially as the audience was seated so far away from the actions of the characters. The narrative was crash in an old path in Liverpool with Liverpudlian accents, so the actors altered their voices to cockney accents to create a believable circumstance. The staging was well thought out because the stage was contract and the seats were plotted around the stage with three floors and lots of seating.It had a rich and luxurious feeling to it and the audience must have felt up the same way too, especially with the binoculars built into the seats. The diorama (hanging stuff/sky cloth) had a big affect on the audience because it created an prank of stars and night, which is not commonly utilise on most stages so it was in particular impressive. The thing that makes or can make musicals in this genre more(pr enominal) attractive are props because they add colour, they make it more realistic, added connotations and helps you to secernate what is happening by symbolic representation.The set disappointed me because you could see stack controlling the light and the sound, which was a bit distracting, and it was harder to imagine the narrative. The lighting was proficient with lots of lights to create the mood, atmosphere and fourth dimension of day. To create stars on the cyclorama they beamed a concentrated white light onto a moving trip the light fantastic toe ball at an angle so the audience could tell what time of day it was. But the only problem was that some of the stars bounced of onto the audience so they had to move their head uncomfortably to dodge the beam going into their eyes.The master(prenominal) tone of lighting was houselights to portray inside scenes and flood lighting for the outdoors scenes. It shows the audience where the characters are and what time of day is be ing portrayed. The sound personal effects were very realistic and gave the audience a clear impression of the setting of each scene. At one point in the play they used a cockerel sound affect to help create the illusion of a countryside scene. The theme was a hybrid between a musical and a tragedy, with the addition of comedy, which made it even more entertaining.It was set back in the mid 80s early 90s. The houses on the set were council estate with an old brick laid road, which gave the impression of a run down, operative class community. This could have made the audience sympathetic to the characters, although the children were not flop educated or disciplined enough by their parents to respect their environment. The biggest moments of usurpation were the rude parts which made me laugh and the unpredictable parts which floor and surprised me and the audience around me.At one point a young boy was hiding behind a bed canvass on a washing line, when a certain part of the tabl oid started to rise, insinuating that the boy was sexually aroused by a young misfire in his presence. This was a particularly hilarious scene and the audience roared with neurotic laughter. Towards the end of the play the two main characters, Mickie and Eddie, stood facing each some other with Mickie pointing a gun towards Eddie. This whilst their mother Ms Johnston was trying to persuade Mickie to tack together down the weapon. Then BANG BANG and Eddie fell to the ground closely followed by Mickie. The audience jumped with shock at this point.

Dingoes

NAME _______________________________________ Persuasive Unit Packet In this telling essay you exit persuade your ratifier which of the following inventions is nearly principal(prenominal) (is the most valuable to mankind) 1. Electricity from the light bulb to the computer 2. prepare the printing press, books, and literacy 3. Immunization vaccinations against disease 4. Modern Plumbing the sink, toilet, shower You go a way of life be writing a five dissever essay persuading your commentator to withdraw like you. In this packet are the tools that leave rotter race you to spare persuasively.This will be delinquent at various propagation and essential be submitted with your final potation. write in the callable dates down the stairs as your t all(prenominal)er tells you * Rough draft to the canonical PARAGRAPH due * Rough draft to the BODY PARAGRAPH 1 & 2 due * Rough draft to the COUNTER PARAGRAPH due * Rough draft of CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH due * PEER EDITED ROUG H adumbrate due * FINAL, TYPED gulping DUE ON Introductory dissever Worksheet In the space downstairs write your opinion on which invention you think is the most consequential. straightaway, pop the question six bullets as to why its the most important * * * * * Now combine these thoughts into a pebbly draft of the thesis is the invention because ( government issue)(adjective) (reason 1/ soundbox 1) and (reason 2/body 2) Attention Grabber/ nimble Research An effective persuasive essay includes a hook or attention grabber such as * Giving some interesting tuition just about your topic * Ask a thought-provoking question * name someone k straightawayledgeable about your topic * Share an experience In order to do these, you must research your topic. Chart your research findings below Fact Source (website/book) Quote Question Choosing ternion of the approaches supra, and your research, develop each one into an attention getter 1. 2. 3. Next, have a peer review these thre e and have him/her star and initial which one they like better. Introductory split up Rough Draft Now, combine your attention grabber and thesis and write a rough introductory carve up. (use the interpreter separate on the bottom as a model) Introductory split up modeling 1 Last socio-economic class, our neighbors got a dingo. As a puppy, this Australian wild dog was very fri determinationly. By the time it was six months old, though, the dingo was big and mean.After it attacked our dog, Animal control had to restoration the dingo away. What if our neighbors buy a baby crocodile side by side(p)? Exotic pampers capacity be interesting, but they can also cause a portion out of trouble. People should think carefully before buying unusual pets because they do non always get hold of how it grows, they get tired of them, and the pets can level off carry strange diseases. ( save Source, Avoiding Exotic Pets p. 225) there IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF AN INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH ON T HE succeeding(prenominal) paginate Introductory dissever Example 2 The final bell rings. Its the last day of educate, and pass has finally comeFor Americas assimilators summertime vacation room two and a half months without school, but recently legion(predicate) batch are asking if this two and a half month chip in might be a factor in Americas declining fostering. In his latest interviews, President Obama has spoken about his plan to rectify education in America. He has discussed the decline in the education system, and balmy concerns about the ability of American pupils to remain competitive with nations like Japan. eon Obama has discussed changes for several areas of education, he has also proposed lengthening the school social class.Although extending the school social class is non a wildly popular idea, lengthening the school year will help American students become more competitive by helping to foment student achievement and providing low-income students wit h equal opportunities for success. tree trunk Paragraph Research 1 Look backside at your thesis. drop a line the freshman reason you listed why your invention is the best and write it here Now using this as your guide, research on destiny. sandi. authorise some certify that proves this read. Chart your findings below. Fact Source (website/book) Body Paragraph 1 Worksheet Write your topic censure. This should introduce the prototypic reason you listed why your invention is the best (as written in your thesis on worksheet summon 2). Example unrivalled problem is that owners often dont think about what will happen when the beast grows. TS Now look back at your Body Paragraph Research 1. On that page play up or mobilise the two best pieces of evidence that support your claim (listed to a higher place). Label them A & B with B cosmos your best (strongest) piece of evidence you have. Write these in a complete sentence belowExample (CD/A) For congressman, paun chy pigs are cute when they are little, but they can be disfranchised to handle later on. Your CD/A Now, set aside the commentary (CM) for your cover flesh out (CD). Remember, commentary explains to your reader how the concrete lucubrate support your topic sentence (TS) IN YOUR own WORDS. Example CM for CD/A This fact proves that self-control of alien animals becomes more difficult as the animal matures. Your CM Your CD/B Example (CD/B) According to World hold in Online, pigs may turn over furniture or dig up the backyard looking for something to eat.Now, admit the commentary (CM) for your concrete details (CD). Remember, commentary explains to your reader how the concrete details support your topic sentence (TS) IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Example CM for CD/B This clearly proves that ownership of strange animals becomes more difficult as the animal matures. Your CM Lastly, you will end this body carve up with a concluding sentence which will transition into reason number two t hat supports your topic (the second reason listed in your thesis). Example In fact, in some cases owners become so overwhelmed with their esponsibilities that they form the drastic measure to flow away their pet. Your CL Body Paragraph 1 Rough Draft Below, this is an example of a body paragraph One problem is that owners often dont think about what will happen when the animal grows (TS). For example, potbellied pigs are cute when theyre little, but they can be hard to handle later on (CD1). This fact shows that exotic animals can grow into a potential solemn problem. (CM) According to World Book Online, pigs may turn over furniture or dig up the backyard looking for something to eat (CD2).This clearly proves that ownership of exotic animals becomes more difficult as the animal matures (CM). In fact, in some cases owners become so overwhelmed with their responsibilities that they take the drastic measure to give away their pet (CL). Below, this is an example of an separate first b ody paragraph In recent years, American students have begun to fall behind their supranational peers. For example, President Obama has cited the fact that in the linked States, 8th Grade computer program is two year behind competing nations. If the United States hopes to remain a instauration power, it is crucial that we take steps to raise our education acceptards.In order to raise our curriculum and hold our students to higher standards a longer school year is necessary. Furthermore, Obama stated that one third of 13-14 year-olds in America are not reading at grade level. These facts clearly show a gigantic problem within the U. S. educational system. The ability to read at an captivate level is essential to success and understanding in school and life. Our educational system is faced with the job of preparing this countries youth for the future, and clearly our students are not developing the necessary skills.Finally, the US mathematics score on the PISA (Program for pla netary Student Assessment) test was a 487 which is below the international average of 496. With the advances being made in technology and science it is crucial that American student have a strong understanding of math and science principals. art object other countries meetm to be excelling in these subjects it is unacceptable for US student to be scoring below the international average. For many years the US has been an international superpower. In order to remain a superpower, The US must take steps to improve education and stop our students from falling behind.ON THE NEXT PAGE YOU WILL indite YOUR BODY PARAGRAPH ROUGH DRAFT Now, combine your work from PAGES 6 and 7 and write your first rough body paragraph. (use the example paragraphs on page 7 as a model) Body Paragraph Research 2 Look back at your thesis. Write the SECOND reason you listed why your invention is the best and write it here Now using this as your guide, research on destiny. sandi. net some evidence that proves t his claim. Chart your findings below. Fact Source (website/book) Body Paragraph 2 Worksheet Write your topic sentence.This should introduce the second (and strongest) reason you listed why your invention is the best (as written in your thesis on worksheet page 2). Example The most serious problem is that owners who grow tired of their exotic pets have trouble finding new homes for them. TS Now look back at your Body Paragraph Research 2. On that page highlight or circle the two best pieces of evidence that support your claim (listed above). Label them A & B with B being your best (strongest) piece of evidence you have. Write one in a complete sentence below Example (CD/A) Often, shelters cannot take these pets, so owners turn them loose.CD/A Now, provide the commentary (CM) for your concrete detail (CD). Remember, commentary explains to your reader how the concrete details support your topic sentence (TS) IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Example This example shows how overwhelming owning an exotic pet can be. CM CD/B (CD/B) According to the San Diego Tribune, when a woman in Florida reached into her flower garden, a tropical snake that had been turned loose by a neighbor attacked her. Now, provide the commentary (CM) for your concrete detail (CD). Remember, commentary explains to your reader how the concrete details support your topic sentence (TS) IN YOUR OWN WORDS.No example given. empathize first body paragraph. CM Lastly, you will end this body paragraph with a concluding sentence which will end the supporting body paragraphs of your paper. Example In windup, exotic animals, while fascinating, do not give birth the best household pets. CL Now, combine your work from PAGES 9 and 10 to write your first rough body paragraph. (use the example from body paragraph as a model) Counter Argument Paragraph First, you will comment that other arguments can be made in the defense of riffle inventions. (Immunization, Writing, Modern Plumbing, Electricity)Come up with three arguments used by ONE of the other three inventions discussed 1. 2. 3. You may use a beginning similar to the examples below as your topic sentence (choose only one of the sentences starters below) Some commonwealth will say Some believe An alternate way of thought Choose the two weakest arguments from above about why this invention is important 1. 2. Now, write a rebuttal using research and your own opinion respond to one of the counter arguments above __________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now, using a conclusion sentence, refocus your counter-argument paragraph back to your opinion (topic) SEE NEXT PAGE FOR EXAMPLES OF COUNTER ARGUMENT PARAGRAPHS Counter-Argument Paragraph Rough Draft Below, this is an example of a counter-argument paragraph (1) Some people would say that owning an exotic pet is a wonderful exp erience. (2) They might say that exotic pets hazard the owner stand out in a crowd. (3) They also might say that owning an exotic pet is a unique and rewarding experience. 4) While an exotic pet may be rewarding, a domesticated animal will provide that same if not safer reward. According to ABC News Investigations reports of exotic pets fight their owners have increased dramatically over the recent years. (5) It is clear to see that these unique animals also come with unique challenges especially when they mature. Below, this is another example of a counter-argument paragraph While President Obamas proposal has many supporters, not everyone agrees that the school year should be extended. Opponents of this proposal claim that extending the school year is simply too expensive.While budget must be considered, education is the foundation for our countries future. If we are going to invest money in anything it should be education. In a recent interview with Matt Lauer President Obama d iscusses the greet associated with extending the school year, saying, that would be money well spent. Another insinuate often discusses by the opposition is, that shortening the school year will take away important family and social development time. Unfortunately, many students in our country do not have the ability to participate in summer cultivation activities.Summer camps and learning programs are a luxury often enjoyed by middle and upper class families. Without these programs many students experience summer learning loss wherein they can lose up to two months of math and reading skills. In summary, although there are arguments against extending the school year, it is important to consider what is best for our children. If we want to give all Americans the opportunity to compete in a global job market, it is important to invest in our students now and extend the school year. ON THE NEXT PAGE YOU WILL WRITE YOUR COUNTER ARGUMENT PARAGRAPH ROUGH DRAFTNow, combine your work fr om PAGES 11 AND 12 to write a rough counter-argument paragraph. (use the example paragraph above as a model) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ On Next Page You Will Write Your Concluding Paragraph Write Your Conclusion Paragraph Below recur your thesis Now, write your strongest piece of evidence/support/CD from your first body paragraph _______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Now, write your strongest piece of evidence/support/CD from your second body paragraph On the lines below write the sentences above as your CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH ROUGH DRAFT _______________________________________________________________________________________ On the next and last page is an example of a conclusion paragraph. In conclusion, in order to keep our students from falling behind, and provide equal learning opportunities for low-income students, the United States needs to lengthen the school year.The facts clearly show that todays students are falling behind. It is unacceptable to allow our students to be falling behind in reading and math. It is unacceptable to allow two months of summer learning loss to occur. Something must be done. Education is the key to our countries future. As a country we need to show our students that we value and support their education. The best way to do this is by making the hard decisions, lengthening the school year, and doing what it takes to make our student competitive in a world market. THIS IS THE LAST PAGE. THERE ARE NO MORE PAGES.

Danone and Wahaha Case

The main causes of conflict seem to get ahead from different attitudes towards key issues in the formation and operation of the joint venture, suggesting major differences in business culture and expectations as to how business should and is being conducted. The outgrowth and main problem described in the case study revolves somewhat the ownership structure and the control over the JV. It seems that the Chinese Wahaha expectations were that their 49% of the JV meant full control, as the other 51% were split half-half between Danone and meandering(a) through the Singapore registered Jinjia.Danone later took over Peregrnes part fundament each(prenominal)y gaining the 51% of the JV and theoretically gaining effective control of the JV. This was not sure well by the Chinese partner and later by the Chinese public which interpreted the move as a takeover, resulting in a JV based on distrust and hostility between the partners. another(prenominal) source of conflict was due to the man agement structure agreed upon. good control of daily operations was handed to Zong and Wahaha, as the local anaesthetic mainland China experts, while the only involvement Danone had was through the board of directors. It seemed Danone was attempting to empower the local partner and was not fully aware of the potential implications. This led to dissatisfaction on both sides, as Danone felt it knows very little in unfeigned JV operations while Zong was feeling that Danone has left him to do all the hard work, only expecting to rip off the benefits of his efforts with little to no contribution.

Coffee Speech Essay

command Purpose Informal Specific Purpose is on the topic of caffein its secure effectuate AND its negative effects. Statement also to inform java make use ofrs slightly coffee. Introduction IOpen with encounter before you go to Starbucks store bribe take and take a sip of your favorite coffee AWouldnt you want to k straight off a intermit almost what you upbeat and breakt out of your coffee? B I subscribe a lot of coffee, so I was wondering how that might affect my health CThis inspired me to do some research on the subject II Thesis This hit the hayledge mend informs the user on what they argon drop their mvirtuosoy in.Connect What you whant to know about caffein is, A. Why do most humans use it. BWhat products bugger off it CWhat ar the advantages and disadvantages Preview How more of you here consider yourself caffeine addicts? How untold coffee do you drink in a twenty-four hours? whizz instill? Two cups? much? How about caffeinated sodas? Body I. i mportant point Caffeine is pervasive in our society these days and every few months we hear about how a study has shown that it is bad for us or good for us. What atomic number 18 we to recollect? A. Benefits B. Disadvantages C. Safe levels of caffeine consumption D. Effects on the body II. main point Today, Id like to give you some of the facts about caffeine and its effects on your body. I may non possess you to change your coffee consumption, but at least youll be better informed about what you atomic number 18 putting into your body. III. (Transitional sentence Im handout to talk about the beneficial effects of caffeine, the negative effects and question what are considered to be safe levels of caffeine consumption Main point Lets go with the good news. Caffeine, which comes from the leaves, seeds and fruits of about 63 different plants, is well known as a stimulant.Thats wherefore mint drink it, right? A. Caffeine does help you disturb up and feel more alert and it h as been shown to attach attention spans. 1. This is a beneficial effect for people who are driving long distances and for people who are doing tedious work. 2. Calling this a health benefit may be stretching it, though staying come alive while you are driving a car definitely contributes to your public assistance 3. Caffeine also contains antioxidants, which choose been shown to have enkindlecer prevention qualities 4.When consumed in small quantities for example, when you have one cup of coffee or one soda caffeine can increase your heart rate, lawsuit you to excrete more (which can realize dehydration) and trigger off your digestive system to produce more acid. B. When larger amounts of caffeine ( all over 600 mg per day) are ingested over long periods of time, they can cause sleep problems, natural depression and digestion issues, and headaches when non used. 1. Transition According to a Medline oblige on the internal Institutes of Health website, having caffeine i n your diet is not of any benefit to your health, but by the same token confine consumption is not considered harmful.2. They say that having up to 3 eight apothecaries ounce cups of coffee a day or 250 mg of caffeine is considered (quote) fair or moderationist. 10 cups of coffee a day is considered excessive. Also, remember that the amount of caffeine per cup can vary greatly depending on the type of beans that are used and the strength of the brew. Conclusion Summarize As you can see, caffeine can have both positive and negative effects on our health and well-being. Nevertheless, the bottom line is that if you drink your coffee or sodas in moderation, you dont have to worry too much. Close with impactSo, the future(a) time you are wondering whether or not you should have that spot cup of coffee to perk you up, relax. At least now you know what it will and wont do for you References before you go to Starbucks or any other coffee selling store or brands, buy and take and ta ke a sip of your favorite coffee, Wouldnt you want to know better about what you benefit and dont out of your coffee? I drink a lot of coffee, so I was wondering how that might affect my health, this inspired me to do some research on the subject.This knowledge better informs the user on what they are investing their money in, Why do most humans use it, what products have it, what are the advantages and disadvantages. How many of you here consider yourself caffeine addicts? How much coffee do you drink in a day? One cup? Two cups? More? How about caffeinated sodas? Caffeine is pervasive in our society these days and every few months we hear about how a study has shown that it is bad for us or good for us. What are we to cogitate? But Today, Id like to give you some of the facts about caffeine and its effects on your body.I may not cause you to change your coffee consumption, but at least youll be better informed about what you are putting into your body, Im going to talk about the beneficial effects of caffeine, the negative effects and discuss what are considered to be safe levels of caffeine consumption. Lets start with the good news. Caffeine, which comes from the leaves, seeds and fruits of about 63 different plants, Caffeine does help you wake up and feel more alert and it has been shown to increase attention spans. Its well known as a stimulant. Thats why people drink it, right?This is a beneficial effect for people who are driving long distances and for people who are doing tedious work, calling this a health benefit may be stretching it, though staying awake while you are driving a car definitely contributes to your well-being Caffeine also contains antioxidants, which have been shown to have cancer prevention qualities, When consumed in small quantities for example, when you have one cup of coffee or one soda caffeine can increase your heart rate, cause you to urinate more which can cause dehydration but it can propel your digestive system to pro duce more acid.When larger amounts of caffeine over 600 mg per day are ingested over long periods of time, they can cause sleep problems, depression and digestion issues, and headaches when its not used. According to a Medline article on the National Institutes of Health website, having caffeine in your diet is not of any benefit to your health, but by the same token moderate consumption is not considered harmful. They say that having up to 3 eight ounce cups of coffee a day or 250 mg of caffeine is considered average or moderate now 10 cups of coffee a day is considered excessive.Also, remember that the amount of caffeine per cup can vary greatly depending on the type of beans that are used and the strength of the brew. As you can see, caffeine can have both positive and negative effects on our health and well-being. Nevertheless, the bottom line is that if you drink your coffee or sodas in moderation, you dont have to worry too much. So, the next time you are wondering whether or not you should have that second cup of coffee to perk you up, relax. At least now you know what it will and wont do for you