Spartan Education Essay Example For Students

Straightforward Education Essay While analyzing any general public, one of the most significant parts of its development to recognize is the training of the adolescent. Kids long to satisfy their educators. In this way, when all kids all through a general public are shown a specific method to live and think, when they grow up, the general public itself models these qualities imparted upon the kids. Normally, when utilizing this perfect to consider the historical backdrop of the Ancient Greeks, center falls upon its two significant city-states, Athens and Sparta. As in pretty much every part of examination, the distinction between the training of the warlike Spartans contrasted with the instruction of the philosophical Athenians resembles contrasting dark with white. The fundamental focal point of Spartan instruction was not to concentrate on proficiency. Rather, because of the arrangement of helotry rehearsed in Sparta, wellness, compliance, and mental fortitude must be instructed all together for the Spartans to hold the battle ready incomparability that they had over the remainder of the Peloponnesus. We will compose a custom exposition on Spartan Education explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Interestingly, Athenian training was given to the three essential classifications of proficiency, music, and physical instruction in order to create wise, balanced residents who could capably take an interest in the Assembly. For reasons for correlation, the instruction of the two social orders can be separated into three particular times old enough in which certain attributes were educated and which certain schools were joined in. At the point when training was finished, the general public had effectively refined another kid into its exacting arrangement of convictions and principles.In the eighth century B. C., Sparta needed increasingly ripe land to help an ever-developing populace that requested food. Thusly, Sparta had to do what any old human advancement did when needing

Now that Im a High School Senior Essay Example For Students

Presently that Im a High School Senior Essay After around 12 years of difficult work and training, I am at long last a senior. I am at the highest point of the secondary school pecking order. I viewed my kin graduate and thinking, †When will it be my time? Presently, out of nowhere, it is! This year is a time of keeps going; last first day of secondary school, last test, last prom, last paper. It is an unnerving idea, yet in addition energizing. This year will be one of the most passionate and insane long stretches of one’s life. It is a time of reflection on what objectives, fears and plans are for what's to come. My senior year, contrasted with others, is somewhat extraordinary. I can say it has been a major change. I just as of late moved from Cary, North Carolina to Parkersburg, West Virginia. Along these lines, in spite of the fact that it is a time of â€Å"lasts†, it is likewise a time of â€Å"firsts†. I as of now miss things from where I lived previously. I continually consider my companions back home and recall all the incredible occasions we had. Additionally, I miss my family that has been there for me through various challenges. It truly isn’t that simple to prevent those nostalgic emotions from framing. I don’t know whether one calls that simpler or harder to leave for school since I to some degree comprehend what it feels like. I don’t have those built up connections and associations here. Is this going to be another hit to the heart since I will in the long run develop to adore them as well? Those musings are continually in my mind, mind-numbingly repetitive player. One of my apprehensions of being a senior is Senioritis. I am worried about the possibility that that once I get acknowledged into a school I will abruptly get the inclination that I have done everything and its opportunity to drift and have fun. I can’t bear to that. With two development position classes, two school courses, and a critical number of electives, I need to continually be on my toes. Starting now and into the foreseeable future, it appears as though it will end up being a run. I should get the evaluations I need, get the entirety of my applications rounded out and make certain to continue getting enough rest all through the procedure. I am putting forth a valiant effort to remain on the ball. I will in general be somewhat of a slacker, so the more I can remain ahead, the more set i up will be for whatever else comes at me. Another dread that strikes a chord is the amount I am going to miss my mother. I have consistently been eager to live in my own place, have work, and procure my own cash. Yet, it makes me dismal to believe this is the last possibility I need to invest a great deal of energy with her. Have I exploited the time I’ve had? Obviously it’s enjoyable to consider being free and mindful, however it’s awful reasoning I can never return. I will never again be a youngster she can safeguard. I will be a grown-up, and will be on my own The most incessant inquiry a senior pose to his or herself is â€Å"what am I going to do after secondary school? † My fantasy is to help individuals. I will probably turn into an orthopedic specialist. When I accomplish this, I need to go into the military and utilize my aptitudes as a specialist. It would not make any difference where I was living as long as I am having any kind of effect on the planet. This fantasy somewhat originated from my mother since she aides and has any kind of effect regularly as medical caretaker. I have such a great amount of regard toward her. She propelled me to help the individuals who can't. I have for a long while been itching to go into the military. It was a calling. Something somewhere inside said this is way I have to take. During the time my assurance for this fantasy to work out just gets more grounded and more grounded. I might want to set off for college at NC State, UNC, or Wilmington. From that point I would consider pre-prescription and a military science program. From that point forward, clinical school and enroll in the naval force. .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 , .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 .postImageUrl , .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 , .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835:hover , .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835:visited , .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835:active { border:0!important; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835:active , .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835:hover { darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u291215c9757cf51 7c6f2062d50e48835 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u291215c9757cf517c6f2062d50e48835:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Minimum Wage EssayFrom there experience my fantasy and have any kind of effect on the planet. Ideally, I can keep things together in my last year in secondary school. This is the last time to take care of business. I have enormous dreams that I am anxious to satisfy. Despite the fact that I am new, I check out the secondary school some of the time and understand that one year from now I won’t be here. A year prior I was unable to try and fold my head over that idea. Presently I am a senior, similar to it or few out of every odd day the future turns out to be all the more genuine. The possibility of school and life after sc hool turns out to be less of an impalpable dream and to a greater extent a hard reality.

Intellectuals and Revolutionary Politics Term Paper

Erudite people and Revolutionary Politics - Term Paper Example Despite the fact that recounting to the half of the story, this depiction is maybe among the most far reaching ones, revealing insight into such an opposing character and scholarly way. Another part is told by Sorel’s own thoughts communicated in his works which to some degree uncover his distraction with subjects like joining and deterioration, wantonness, resurrection, and decay; just as his most profound assumptions †the forceful and overpowering cynicism and his powerful urge of redemption. His idea of negativity - as a thought of a development toward liberation, firmly associated with the information picked up for a fact of the obstructions opposing the fulfillment of human’s creative mind and to the profound conviction of human beings’ regular shortcoming - maybe most effectively uncovers the expansiveness and width of his wandering soul (Sorel, G. 192-226) Sorel sees torment and enduring as instrumental in riveting people to life, and hates the indivi duals who guarantee simple arrangements and fast improvement, expecting that the characteristic inclination toward disintegration and rot is an all inclusive law (Talmon, J. L. 453-454). Having grasped the hypothesis of Marx by the mid 1890s, George Sorel added some substance to the confounded haze of his thoughts; the all inclusive delinquent and culprit of the considerable number of sufferings of poor people has been found, exemplified by the wrongs of private enterprise. Starting there on, the indispensable exchange unionism, as a carrier of another profound quality, turned into the enhanced ‘self-adequate realm of God’ (Talmon 456), whose predetermine is seen by Sorel ‘to enthrone another human progress on the remains of the rotting bourgeoisie. From here to hailing Mussolini as ‘a man no less remarkable than Lenin’ (Talmon 451), Sorel has had a short approach. Sorel’s wandering between Marx, exchange unionism and dictatorship is effortless ly clarified, given his dismissal of the general thought of any direction, management or control, either from outside or from above; which is considered to have set him up to embrace Mussolini’s popular trademark: ‘Every framework is a blunder, each hypothesis is a prison’ (Talmon 467). This motto appears to completely coordinate Sorel’s ever looking for (however more often than not on mixed up or abnormal grounds) otherworldliness. 2. Both Jean-Paul Sartre and Frantz Fanon long for transformation †Sartre to see his nation, France, obliterated, Fanon to see previous French states freed. Which of the two appears to need to be devastated alongside the foundation he stands up to? Why the one and not the other? The introduction to Fanon’s book, The Wretched of the Earth, composed by Jean-Paul Sartre, conveys a stunning message to the peruser, as it originates from a scholar whose point of view toward the then world real factors and his inclination (or stance) of a politically drawn in scholarly demonstrate an accentuation on the humanist qualities and

The New Right Essay Example for Free

The New Right Essay The New Right, as it is called, has had an extraordinary effect in Britain and the United States since 1979. The two its triumphs and disappointments have prompted an extraordinary continuous discussion, particularly inside the British Conservative Party, with respect to what degree the New Right speaks to a flight or continuation of, what some see as, conventional Conservatism. The long and rich past of the Party has made the reference of a specific time of its history, as being either a source or outline of customary Conservatism, troublesome for sure. In any case, certain inhabitants rise above the expansiveness of its history to frame the standards by which the New Right can be judged. Conservatism is, as a matter of first importance, made out of many clashing strands of thought. It doesn't remain as a solid philosophy offering an unalterable arrangement of remedies which design to some biased, and so far, unrealised perfect of society. It isn't astounding then that there are numerous moderates who might prevent the attribution from securing philosophy to their beliefs.1 British Conservatism is, hence, more precisely, described by the predominant strand or gathering at some random time. This shows a principal point, specifically that Conservatism abstains from being ideological on the grounds that it is, essentially, not. On the other hand, one of the most striking parts of the New Right is its solid ideological enthusiasm. Margaret Thatcher and her guides, similar to Sir Keith Joseph, were started up by the fight they accepted they were pursuing against the harming post-war accord and the poisonous belief system of communism. In contrast to past manifestations of Conservatism, Thatcherism (which is the British New Right) depended intensely on genuine masterminds and scholastics as opposed to the customary kind of tribal insight which was embodied by Harold Macmillan: who had once said doubt the shrewd man. Considering this, it is of little astonishment then that John Stuart Mill alluded to the Tories as the inept party.2 Although having obtained from Adam Smith in the mid nineteenth century the Conservatives in no way, shape or form had a Karl Marx. Thatcher felt that this customary nonappearance of a solid belief system was a disservice. She is accounted for to host said after her political race as Get-together pioneer in 1975 that: We should have a belief system. The opposite side have a belief system that they can test their strategies against. We should have one also. This is the place Friedrich A. Hayek, Milton Friedman and the Center for Policy Studies came in. The Conservative Party had not seen this level of ideological energy previously and it speaks to something of a takeoff. It additionally worked only subsequently removing itself, perhaps misleadingly, to what had gone previously. Thatcherites considered each To be as either wet (which means a paternalistic Conservative) or as a dry (an ideologue). The wet Ian Gilmour (excused from the Cabinet in 1981) entitled his attack on Thatcherism Dancing with Dogma. It has gone into Thatcher legend how being one of us was the best way to pick up favor. The significance of this term is reflected by they way it was utilized as the title of Hugo Youngs acclaimed history of Margaret Thatcher. This ideologicalism is a takeoff however it doesn't speak to a total break with the past. Most Conservatives today, who talk about conventional Conservatism, allude to a paternalistic angle which arrived at its peak in the period after the Second World War up until about Edward Heath. It is typically recognized by language which comes from Disraeli and his references to One Nation from his novel Sybil in 1845. It is exceptionally easily proven wrong with respect to whether this is to be sure the most customary type of Conservatism since it did, all things considered, contain a few aspects which varied from the periods of Edmund Burke and Robert Peel. To be sure, a portion of the distinctions inside Conservatism are reflected in the enormous contrast between these two monsters of Toryism or Conservatism alone. This intricacy isn't astounding considering the Partys long history which has seen Conservatives adjust and react to changing conditions so as to address the issues of the Nation and Party. What the two figures above represent is a type of Conservatism which mirrored the necessities of the period inside which it needed to exist and endure. It additionally takes into account the reasonable end that conventional Conservatism rose, in fragile structure, under Peel in the mid-nineteenth century to grasp its confidence in estimated and dynamic change with a feeling of empathy. In spite of the fact that this outline infers contrasts with the New Right there are likewise similitudes. The New Right fits in with the Conservative convention of ascending to the necessities of Nation and Party and is a case of regular Conservative versatility. It is, all things considered, the universes most seasoned and best ideological group. Strip drastically refashioned the Tory Party by moving it toward another path, regardless of antagonistic resistance, to extend its base of help and to manage the land-claiming elitism of governmental issues. A custom proceeded to an alternate degree by Disraeli. Much the equivalent could be said for Thatcherism, which squeezed wholeheartedly for the finish of the comprehensively acknowledged business as usual. Keynesianism (which was at that point being tenderly addressed under Jim Callaghan) and corporatism were considered liable for British decay and she expected to demolish them. Once more, it guided the Party further toward another path away from its past acknowledgment of such plans and the general agreement which had encircled the basic issues of legislative issues since the War. The Party inspected itself and the national condition, rebuilding itself likewise. This is a particular Conservative custom. The New Right did, be that as it may, desert any ideas of paternalism and rather underlined the significance of financial matters in freeing the person. Financial aspects was above legislative issues. This carried the New Right into struggle with the One Nationists who felt, similar to P. Norton and A. Aughey in 1981, that the mien towards financial arrangement may involve the disseveration of the idea of One Nation.3 The accentuation on free markets, deregulation and a non-meddling state has a solid custom in Conservatism which stretches back to the production of Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations. It was, be that as it may, a takeoff from post-war Conservatism. There had consistently been blended and restricting perspectives inside Conservatism on the benefits of private enterprise. Ruler Hailsham had scrutinized free enterprise as an indecent and greedy scramble for not well gotten gains though Burke under the watchful eye of him viewed the laws of trade just like the laws of nature, and subsequently the laws of God.4 In this regard the New Right included roots inside the more extended history of Conservatism. The fierceness with which it monetary arrangements were sought after, notwithstanding hardened restriction, spoke to something of a flight in the wide agreement of post-war Britain. It was actually an arrival to the conventional strategies sought after by Conservatives before 1940 as opposed to a progressive new methodology. This additionally represents that it is so hard to characterize customary Conservatism. It is deceiving anyway to consider this change or inversion as something which started out of nowhere with Thatcher. The New Right had come to exist after a time of steady change and alteration to Conservatism which started under Edward Heath. The 1979 Party declaration contained numerous likenesses with one of 1970. As a matter of fact, this doesn't represent what came after, in ensuing General Elections. The Selsdon mindset bore matches with the New Right in moving towards a radical, technocratic addressing of establishments, customs and ideas.5 Heath had demonstrated a similar affinity to shed the past where important when he stated: we are going to expand on the past yet we won't be choked by it5 The New Right stimulated pressure in the gathering in light of the fact that, in contrast to Heath, it considered itself to be ideological and was completely reluctant to settle. However, t is essential to make reference to, in this unique circumstance, that bargain had never truly been an element of customary Conservatism. It just came to be respected so in the accord of post-war Britain. The New Right spoke to an obvious continuation in persistently relating, predominantly in talk, to different indistinct ideas in which all Conservatives take asylum: Nation, Church, Monarchy, Family, Authority, the Rule of Law, Order, Hierarchy, Deference, Community thus forth.6 The New Right held to for all intents and purposes these in its talk. This is favorable in light of the fact that every one of these ideas, as all Conservatives know well, joins every one of them just as having the option to rise above class in their intrigue. The New Right was tremendously populist and raunchy, keeping to a later Conservative custom as the establishment was stretched out in the only remaining century. A few, yet not every single, conventional Conservative feel, nonetheless, that the New Right has sabotaged Conservative qualities because of its own natural logical inconsistencies. A couple of models are the contention among meritocracy and government or network and independence. The New Right decided to be against protected change (in contrast to pretty much every other pioneer since Peel) while on a very basic level modifying establishments, for example, the Civil Service and Local Government. Perhaps it is the sabotaging of customary Conservative ideas that exposes the New Right to the allegation that it un-Conservative. It could be countered that it is a faith in certain conventional Conservative qualities which has reproduced the logical inconsistencies and oddities in Thatcherism by parting the New Right between Traditionalists or Authoritarians and the Libertarians. The previous wish to keep up conventional Conservative qualities while likewise seeking after a New Right plan. Seemingly it is the last mentioned, spoke to by MPs like Alan Duncan, which are the takeoff from customary or some other type of Conservatism. Thatcher spoke to the predominant Traditionalist gathering which Alan Clarke has expressed is truly Gladstonian Liberalism.

10 Avoidable Mistakes when Negotiating a Job Offer

10 Avoidable Mistakes when Negotiating a Job Offer If everything goes as planned, any recruitment process will go smoothly, starting from the time job descriptions were written and job advertisements were published or posted, until the time that the best and the right candidate for the job has been selected.However, there are bound to be snags along the way, and any recruiter worth her salt would know that issues are bound to crop up, and it will be up to her and the employing company to make sure these issues are dealt with swiftly and properly.This will ensure that the employee can be introduced and inducted into the organization at the soonest possible time, and start performing his job.Some of the issues may be major, while some may seem to be trivial or minor. Recruiters and hiring managers know that extending a job offer does not automatically receive an acceptance from the chosen candidate.After all, starting a new job is a major event in anyone’s life, so the candidate will definitely want to make sure that he is making the right decision. Thus, both sides have to be prepared to negotiate details about the job offer. © Shutterstock.com | TrazaIn this guide, we explore what the job offer includes and the 10 mistakes most people do when negotiating a job offer.THE JOB OFFERFor any jobseeker that has been pounding the pavement, pouring over hundreds of job postings and undergoing a battery of seemingly endless tests and job interviews, getting a job offer may sound like a dream come true. Chances are high that he will grab the first job offer that he gets, with no regard for the details. He thinks, “I got the job, and that’s all that matters. I’ll worry about the rest later.”This attitude is hardly ideal especially when, weeks, months or years down the road, you realize that you are not satisfied with your job, and you start regretting accepting the offer at the first chance you got, no questions asked. You start thinking up “if only” scenarios. If only you negotiated early on, before accepting the job offer, then you would not be in the quandary that you are currently in.It is also pos sible that, in the middle of a job search, you suddenly find yourself presented with three job offers from three different companies. Your first instinct may be to accept the one with the highest salary and benefits. Or, if you are averse to relocation, you will accept the offer from the company where your workplace will be close to your residence. The dilemma here will arise if, for example, the company closest to where offers a salary that is lower than you expected or wanted.This is where you should consider negotiating. After all, the final job offer that you accept â€" with terms that you and your future employer are in agreement over â€" will dictate how the next months and years of your career will go. Negotiate terms that are acceptable to both parties, and chances are high that the working relationship will be a fruitful one, and your career with the company will flourish.When we say negotiations with respect to job offers, the most logical conclusion that comes to mind wil l be that it would have something to do with the salary and the benefits and compensation package. That will not be entirely wrong, since most negotiations revolve around that issue. However, there are other terms of the job offer that may require negotiation, depending mostly on the circumstances of the selected candidate, as well as the employer.Just as in all negotiations, some succeed and some fail. In order to lessen the possibility of job offer negotiations failing, it is important to make sure that you do it properly, and that means avoiding the mistakes that are commonly committed by candidates in the process of negotiation. MISTAKES WHEN NEGOTIATING A JOB OFFER AND HOW TO AVOID THEM1. Not negotiating at allThis is the point that we have been trying to get to earlier. No matter how desperate you are to get a job, you should not accept the job offer blindly, without negotiating at all. When you think about it, not negotiating and accepting the offer right off the bat is proba bly the biggest mistake you will ever make. This is akin to signing a contract without going over the finer points.There are several possible reasons why some candidates do not negotiate at all.They have been job hunting for so long that they will settle for just about anything.They are too lazy to go over the terms of the offer.They do not know how to negotiate, or where to start.They think that the employer knows best, and trust that they will be treated fairly.They are afraid that negotiating, where they will state their terms, will make them look impolite and unprofessional in the eyes of the employer.Just by looking at the above reasons, it is clear that there is a common theme running through them, and that is the lack of preparation when it comes to negotiating.As for the issue on whether negotiating will reflect badly on you as a potential employee and will affect your chances of being hired, that is no longer a general rule. In fact, many employers frown on candidates that do not negotiate at all, because it gives them the impression that the candidate does not acknowledge his own, true worth or value. They will think that the candidate is unable to stand up for himself.Granted, there are some employers that do not accept negotiations by candidates, but they generally let the candidates know of that fact early on. It is in these cases where the candidate will decide whether the terms of the job offer are acceptable and therefore accept the offer, or look elsewhere for a better job opportunity, one where they get to have a hand in the negotiations.How to avoid this mistakeCreate your own “job-offer evaluation” checklist. Just as you prepared yourself for the job interviews and tests, you should also prepare yourself in case you receive a job offer.In this checklist, you should put down the terms or things that MUST come with the job in order for you to deem it acceptable. Keep in mind that the checklist should indicate the “minimum” that you wi ll accept. Examples of the common items that should be included in your checklist are:Minimum salary or level of compensation that you need. Of course, this should also be in accordance with prevailing rates, as prescribed by the law and industry standards.Benefits you expect to receive while on the job, such as health insurance, transportation allowance, meal allowance, and representation expenses, to name a few.Working conditions favorable to your current circumstances. Define the work hours that are most suitable to you. Do you need to relocate? Will the job entail daily commute to and from work? How are personal days, sick days, vacations and holidays accounted for?Employee programs and policies. Focus on how you will be able to avail of this plan and how you expect to benefit from it. Is there a retirement plan for employees? What are the policies on maternity and paternity leaves? On performance review and evaluation? Are there bonus or profit-sharing programs that you may be eligible for?Go over the terms of the job offer carefully and compare them with the items on your checklist. If the offer meets the minimum as stated on your checklist, then you may consider accepting the offer. If there are deviations, then those will be the focus of your negotiations.2. Not Asking for Time to Consider the OfferRemember when you had to go in for interviews, and sometimes you felt helpless, as if you were at the mercy of the hiring manager and the other interviewers? Well, guess what? Once you receive the job offer, there is a shift of power. You are now the one with the upper hand. The employer wants you, and they’re waiting for your word on whether you will accept the offer or not.The problem is that, mostly out of sheer excitement from getting a job offer, the candidate accepts immediately. It could also be because they are pressured into accepting right away. Do not fall for this bulldozer tactic that some employers use.How to avoid this mistakeAsk for some ti me to contemplate the job offer. Let them know that you have to go over the details to see if the terms are acceptable to you. This is your right.One reason you can give is because you need to consult with other people first.“Thank you for the job offer. If it is all right with you, I would like to discuss some of the logistics details with my family first. How about if I give you my decision on Friday?”Or you could just ask for time without giving any specific reason. After all, it is your right to go over the job offer.“I am truly grateful for this offer and opportunity to be part of your company. I wonder if I could have until Friday to get back to you about it.”3. Not Asking for a Job Offer in WritingVerbal job offers are all well and good, since hearing the words out loud makes the whole thing exciting. However, you should not accept, or even consider, a job offer if it is not written. Again, think of it along the lines of a contract. You do not want to enter into a con tract without the terms being written down, do you?The written job offer will contain â€" in black and white â€" what you will be getting if you accept the job. Unless you have a photographic memory and you can recall, verbatim, the terms spoken by the human resource manager when he gave you the offer over the phone, then you will have a difficult time keeping track of everything.How to avoid this mistakeAsk them politely for the details in a written offer.“Wow! Thank you for the offer, and I look forward to going over the details in the written offer before I can give my formal acceptance. When do you expect a response?”In many cases, however, you may also tell them outright (but still politely) that you will feel more comfortable reading the details in a written job offer before accepting.Here is an interesting workshop on negotiating your salary in the job interview. 4. Telling the Employer What You Will AcceptThis may be quite tricky, since there are employers and hiring man agers that ask applicants during the interview about their salary expectations, or how much salary they expect to receive if they are hired for the job. This is especially difficult for candidates with previous job history, since they may be asked about their salary history as well.Negotiating is about reaching a compromise, or getting to a point where both parties are agreeable. It is not about setting ultimatums, saying “pay me this much, and I will accept the offer”. This will only make you look arrogant, and likely to turn off the employer, to the point that he will withdraw the offer.How to avoid this mistakeDo not provide an exact amount or even a salary range when asked during the preliminary interviews. Doing so will give you less room to negotiate if you do get a job offer. In an applicant’s desire to be in the good graces of the interviewer or hiring manager, he may even quote a low figure.There is a tendency that, when the employer creates the offer, he will offer a salary within that range that you quoted. During the interview, it would be best to provide a non-committal answer, or one that will not box you in when the time to negotiate the job offer comes. Example:“I will need more information about the job and your company’s salary structure before I can have a confident discussion about salary. Maybe you can give me an idea how much you pay someone with my skills, experience and education in this position, and what range you have budgeted for it?”If you approach the recruitment process along those lines, you will have more room to move when negotiating the job offer.5. Telling the Employer How Much You NeedThe mere fact that you are receiving a job offer means that you have the skills, experience, education and other qualifications that are required for the job. The employer thinks you are suitable for the position. In short, the employer thinks that you will be of value to the company. Therefore, you should also show them that you k now your value.During negotiations, many candidates make the mistake of focusing on what they think and feel that they need or deserve, rather than their actual value, or what they have to offer in return to the employer.New graduates, for example, go into the job market saddled with student loans, so they are likely to negotiate based on how much they need. For example, the candidate has to pay $300 monthly for student loans, so he chose to negotiate a monthly salary of $1,000, when it is above and beyond what the position merits.How to avoid this mistakeDo your research before talking about salary during negotiations. If you go online, you can find various sources of information about salary rates applicable to various jobs, across industries. This should clue you in already.If you have previous job experiences, then you may also have an idea how much you are worth in that position. You should also look into the salary levels and salary negotiation policies of the employer, so tha t you will be in a more solid position when negotiating.6. Negotiating in Piece-MealEmployers want to hire new employees quickly, so they can start performing the job. However, they can only wait for a certain length of time for a candidate to decide whether to accept the job offer or not. One sure way to prolong the negotiation period â€" and make the employer withdraw the offer â€" is when the candidate negotiates multiple issues serially.This piece-meal negotiation can be very tedious and exhausting. Just when the employer thought you have resolved the issue, you raise another point for negotiation. It becomes tiring and, to be honest, annoying, because they might think that you are toying with them and showing blatant disrespect for their time.How to avoid this mistakeThis is why you should have the checklist. You can also prepare another document listing all your points for negotiation, thought out carefully so that you can present them all simultaneously.This is an example of bad serial negotiation:Candidate: I have one concern. I find the salary a bit low, considering my expertise. Can you increase it by 10%?The HR discusses it with management and, after a day, calls the candidate back.HR: I’m happy to inform you that management has agreed the 10% increase.Candidate: Thank you. Now let us move on to the working hours. I know you have a 9-5 policy, but may I be granted flexible time?At this point, the HR is probably annoyed, thinking about how you said, at the beginning, about your “one concern”. Tell him about all your concerns in one go. Do not worry that you will overwhelm him; he is prepared for you to negotiate.7. HagglingThis is not a store, and you are not bartering. The employer tells you that the annual salary for that position is $150,000, and you thought you deserve more, so you ask for $175,000. The employer expresses the possibility that they may be able to provide $160,000 for the position, then you jump in with $165,000. When he said that $165,000 is already over their budget for that role, you ask for more vacation days.Let’s face it: this looks tacky. You just made yourself look tacky, cheap… and unprofessional.How to avoid this mistakeAgain, you should have already researched on the salary for that position, and how much budget the company allotted for it. Name your target figure, and ask whether it is within their budget range or not. If they say no, then believe them.Take this exchange, for example:Candidate: I am aware that you have budgeted $150,000 for the position. However, I believe that my level of experience warrants a higher rate, should I accept the job.HR: How much do you have in mind?Candidate: Can you make it $165,000?HR: Due to budget constraints and limitations, we can only go as high as $160,000.Candidate: I see. Then, may I give you my answer on Friday? 8. Playing Hard to GetMany say that, if you appear too eager or too excited, then you are basically putting yourself under the thumb of the employer making the offer. They’d think, “Oh, he really, really wants this job, so even if we make a low offer, he will definitely accept it.” As a result, candidates avoid appearing too enthusiastic about it and try to be low-key.The problem is that, in the process, they come across as disinterested. They are playing hard to get, and this will make the employer think that they are holding out for more. Not that this is necessarily bad, but if overdone, the employer may be turned off, thinking they cannot be bothered to woo or court you. Then they are likely to rescind their offer, or withdraw it completely.How to avoid this mistakeShow just the right amount of enthusiasm. You don’t know how to gauge it? Let’s put it this way: there is nothing wrong with letting them know how excited you are that you got an offer.However, by telling them that you will need to go over the details first, and that you are asking for time to contemplate the offer, this means you are givin g it serious consideration. Give them a definite time frame within which to evaluate the offer.Do not be evasive about what you want, expecting the HR officer or the employer to be able to read your mind.9. Negotiating Every Aspect of the Job OfferYou may think that the employer will be impressed if you come up with a counteroffer proposal, or negotiating ALL the points or aspects of the job offer. Believe me, you’re not. They may think that you are a nitpicker, and very hard to please, if all aspects do not satisfy you.How to avoid this mistakeChoose just two or three items to negotiate, and they should be the most important to you.However, if none meet the items on your checklist, then this may be a sign that this is not even a job offer worth contemplating or considering. Respect the employer by telling them that you are not accepting their offer, instead of wasting both your time.10. Negotiating Over E-mailWhile it is true that e-mail has become an acceptable mode of communica tion or correspondence in business and professional circles, it has its limitations. Remember the time when snail mail was the only mode of correspondence, and it takes ages to send letters and wait for replies and, even then, the exchange of information is unsatisfactory?Although email cuts down the time, there are still many messages that get lost in the exchange, which can have adverse effects on negotiation. A  lot of misunderstandings may still arise from negotiations made via email.How to avoid this mistakeNegotiate face-to-face. Set a meeting with the employer or his representative. Talking with them directly will make the negotiation go faster. Video calls also made it possible for people from opposite ends of the continent (or the globe) to converse, so this is another good option. Finally, negotiating over the phone is also possible if the two cannot be done.