Humans And Animals Relationships Essay

Whether its social, business, or personal, animals play an extremely important role in the lives of humans. Humans have been using animals to survive since before 100 BC. Animals have been protectors, companions, benefactors, co-workers, and even best friends. Humans need animals in their lives to stay healthy mentally and even physically. Animals are used in everyday physical therapy to increase movement in the handicapped or elderly. Animals help with physical fitness which will boost their moods substantially. For example, elderly people that are in nursing homes have been able to work with animals as a type of therapy to improve and maintain their function and to increase their quality of life while in the nursing home. It is a proven fact that animals lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and keep their heart in check. Dogs can detect the sudden drop in the level of blood glucose and alert the owner to eat or take their medication. Pets can not only help handicapped and the elderly , but children as well. Children who grow up with pets have less risk of allergies and asthma; many also learn responsibility, compassion, and empathy from having pets. Pets are natural mood enhancers. One of the reasons for these therapeutic effects is that most pets fulfill the basic human need to touch. Even hardened criminals in prison have shown long-term changes in their behavior after interacting with pets, many of them experiencing mutual affection for the first time. Some state prisons will bring in dogs for the inmates to train, so they can learn to interact with others and to give them a purpose. While a person is with an animal their body actually goes through physical changes that make a difference in their mood. The hormone that is associated with stress is actually lowered, while the production of serotonin is being increased from the level it was previously at when the person wasn’t around the animal. Sometimes, while working with a patient, a counselor might use a dog in therapy. In doing so, it will raise their serotonin level and allow  the patient to be more comfortable. Therapists have recently started prescribing pets as a way of dealing with and recovering from depression and anxiety. The unconditional love that is given from a pet to a human when petting it or playing with it, actually elevates their moods to a state where they are no longer depressed or anxious. Stroking, holding, cuddling, or otherwise touching a loving animal can rapidly calm and soothes humans when they’re stressed. The companionship of a pet can also ease loneliness, and some pets are a great stimulus for healthy exercise, which can substantially boost mood. The more that people interact with animals the less likely they will isolate themselves; pet lovers and pet owners can easily talk to each other about their pets without talking about uncomfortable subjects. Dogs help with people who are suffering PTSD. Dog can provide a sense of security, calming effects, and physical exercise that can make a positive difference in the life of those that suffer with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Like all assistance dogs, a psychiatric service dog is individually trained to do work or perform tasks that mitigate their handler’s disability. The dog will be able to calm the owner and teach him/her not to be afraid. It will be able to bond with its owner when he/she cannot bond with other humans. People with PTSD are afraid to be alone in public and the company of a dog will ease that fear. Animals have been used to assisted humans for as long as anyone can remember. They help psychologically with the world around them. They help with physical condition that’s going on with their body. Humans can bond easily with an animal more so than another human being. Whether it’s from a problem they are born with or something that stumbled upon them, they can always rely on animals to ease their pain. Work Cited Siegel, J. (1990). Stressful life events and use of physician services among the elderly: The moderating role of pet ownership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1081-1086. Friedmann, E., Katcher, A. H., Thomas, S. A., Lynch, J. J., & Messent, P. R. (1983). Social interaction and blood pressure: Influence of animal companions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 171, 461-465. Hunt, S. J., Hart, L.A., & Gomulkiewicz, R. (1992). The role of small animals in social interaction between strangers. Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 245-256. Thelen, E. (2000). Grounded in the world: Developmental origins of the embodied mind. Infancy, 1, 3-28. Thomson, R. (1968). The Pelican history of psychology. London: Pelican.

Indian television in the era of globalization Essay

Since its birth in 1959, it seems that Indian television has developed in a way that is similar to most of the world’s broadcasting sectors. Conquered by technological progress, particularly by the major advance that the introduction of satellite transmissions represents, the Indian television sector broke with its old practices to enter the era of globalization to which the opening to foreign players, the competition regime and the respect of commercial requirements are essential components. The successive evolutions that Indian television underwent seem to confirm Marshall McLuhan’s theory of a â€Å"global village†, which describes how the world has been contracted into a homogenized space by the media revolution. However, this simplistic vision denies the specificities of India as a culture and as a country, which became the specificities of Indian television. With 22 official languages, an enormous and heterogeneous population, one of the world’s largest territories and a tendency to continuously swing between tradition and modernity, India admittedly adapted its television sector to the globalized context but also imposed its restrictions and particularities. How did Indian television become integrated to the globalized media system while protecting its identity and imposing its requirements? With the successive evolutions – the technological progresses, the shift from an educational project to a competitive, consumer-oriented and profit-making market and the exportation of foreign programs and production methods – it underwent in the early 20th century, Indian television indeed got integrated into the globalized and transnational media system. As such it became a privileged target of know-how transfers coming from the West and a market of economic interest for foreign players. Heterogeneity constitutes India’s major specificity and its television sector could not have got established regardless to it. Even if it decided to enter the process of globalization, Indian television endeavored to defend and promote the country’s linguistic, territorial, social and cultural diversity. The Indian broadcasting space definitely does not get homogenized. On the contrary, it constantly reports the main oppositions that ceaselessly stimulate and drive the Indian population – tradition and modernity, local and global, urban and rural, well-off and impoverished. The example of the Indian television sector demonstrates that India is not passively affected by globalization but constitutes one of its major actors: it manages to make the country’s voice heard and to impose its requirements and its power of cultural appropriation at international level. BIBLIOGRAPHY DEPREZ C., La tà ©là ©vision indienne : un modà ¨le d’appropriation culturelle, De Boeck, 2006. DESAI M. K.,  « Indian television in the era of globalisation : unity, diversity or disparity ?  », in Quaderns del CAC, 202, no. 14 3-12. DURAND-DASTES F.,  « L’Inde dans la mondialisation  » in LEFORT I. and MORINIAUX V. (dir.), La mondialisation, Editions du temps, 2006, 235-256. JULURI V.,  « Music television and the invention of youth culture in India  », in Sage Journals, 2002, vol. 3 no. 4 367-386. KUMAR S., Gandhi meets primetime : globalization and nationalism in Indian television, University of Illinois Press, 2005. RANGANATHAN M., RODRIGUES U. M., Indian media in a globalised world, Sage publications, 2010. SINCLAIR J., HARRISON M.,  « Globalization, nation and television in Asia : the cases of India and China  », in Sage Journals, 2004, vol. 5 no. 1 41-54.

Ontemporary dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ontemporary dance - Essay Example There has never been a single specific style of modern dance in any era. Though it often uses the body alignment and movement of ballet, modern dance has developed beyond the vocabulary of ballet, and has reached the threshold of success due to these three modern choreographic creators. Ruth St Denis was one of the most prominent dance creators of the First generation; she was the pioneer of modern dance in the era in which there was no concept of turning dance into choreography. It is often said that Martha Graham and Doris Humphrey were influenced by St Denis, this is due to the fact they were classmates who studied dance together in 1920s, later they broke away and developed their own philosophies of modern dance which provided these women the opportunity to become directors and choreographers. "Particularly, in the ballet world, these roles had been and continue to be dominated by men". (Dance, 2006) St. Denis was the one who escorted traditional dance to the threshold of modern dance where she incorporated elements of Far Eastern dance into her choreography. Later St. Denis married her dance partner Ted Shawn who founded the "Denishawn" company and trained many great dancers who went on to form their own companies. Martha Graham akin to St Denis, has had an enormous impact on the field of modern dance. "Her notion of contraction and release (a torso based movement of a sharp intake of breath followed by a strong exhalation), her groundbreaking dances based on mythology, and her theatrical personality have made her the best known modern dancer of all time. Graham created a technique that emphasized "contraction and release". These words are now synonymous with modern dance. Graham was the first modern dance choreographer to reach out to other genres of modern art for collaboration. She is considered the most influential and famous modern choreographer of the 20th century. Humphrey developed a fundamental theory of movement based on "fall and recovery" that became the basis of her technique". (Dance, 2006) There is a difference between the influences of Martha Graham and Humphrey, Graham developed her own choreographical dances while Humphrey remained in contact with St Denis by joining her Deinshawn Company in 1917 and was teaching classes and performing with the company in featured roles. "Charles Weidman was Humphrey's choreographic and dance partner in the 1920s and 1930s, and was himself a key figure in the development of the American modern dance. Humphrey began her choreographic career while at Denishawn, where she created, with St. Denis, famous pieces like "Soaring," set to the Schumman score of the same title, and "Sonata Pathetique," to the Beethoven score". "In 1928, Humphrey and Charles Weidman left the Denishawn company to found their own school and company. Like Martha Graham, Humphrey was interested in moving away from the sentimentalis m and romanticism of the Denishawn company toward a new dance vocabulary and style that was truly "modern"." (The Solo Dancers) Ruth St. Denis created an exotic movement vocabulary through dancing and choreography that balanced precariously between sensuality and religion. By the 1930s Martha Graham was developing a dance technique whose angularity and sharp

The Gospel Message Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Gospel Message - Coursework Example Although they know that the things they are doing are wrong, they choose to satisfy their desires and this makes them reject the gospel. One emotional reason why people reject the gospel is being unworthy of God’s love because they have sinned too much and should not be forgiven. Some are just too proud to acknowledge their sins and humble before God. Others have been hurt so deeply they would not like to forgive and so they reject the gospel because they know they that if they turn their hearts to God, they must forgive. People argue that the gospel does not answer all life’s questions the way science does. Some question the validity of the stories in the Bible. Others question God’s attributes. For instance they ask, â€Å"If God is good, why is there hell?† or â€Å"If God is almighty, why is there chaos and hardship?† Christians should have a good grasp of the gospel so that they will be able to point out the specific verses that answer specific arguments. In addition, they should be sure of their convictions so that they can use their own personal experiences or encounter with God to convince others like Paul

The death of woman Wang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The death of woman Wang - Essay Example There were also published texts in 1673, 1763, and 1810 on the local history of the county (Cass and Spence 550). Additionally, Spence utilizes P’u Sung-ling’s text entitled â€Å"Strange Stories from the Liao Studio† in creative and unconventional ways. The data are all used to depict common superstitions and values and to draw the picture of â€Å"loneliness, sensuality, and dreams† (Spence xiv). The first part, â€Å"The Observers,† talks about the catastrophes that struck the region, focusing on the earthquake in 1668 that wiped out a big part of the population. Additionally, people were stricken with the White Lotus revolt in 1622, plagues in 1640, Machu invasion in 1643, coupled with famine, floods, and raids in the 1650s. In a matter of fifty years, the region’s population of 200,000 dropped to merely 60,000. It is obvious here that the T’an-ch’eng people faced survival crisis, misery, and demoralization during that perio d. Suicide was so common that a proclamation has to be issued to dissuade it. In Huang’s text, he mentions that when he was serving in T’an-ch’eng, he observed that people view themselves worthless due to the poverty, hunger, and several other sufferings they go through. He added that people then do not have any idea of a happy life and the joys of living (Spence 14). The moral situation of the people hit an all-time low, causing conflicts to erupt within the family units, breaking down of social orders, and abandonment of moral restraints (Cass and Spence 551).... The second part, â€Å"The Land,† explores the situation of the tax payments, quotas, and labor system. As the population fell, these established systems became more burdensome for the people, particularly the quota system. Registered lands dropped, showing the abuses in tax collections and the measures used by land owners to avoid paying the exorbitant taxes. Obviously, the established system in the land pushes the poor people more into poverty, giving them lesser and lesser hope --- which was not much to start with --- to be alleviated from their circumstances (Entenmann and Spence 269-70). The third part, â€Å"The Widow,† begins to explore the situation of the women in that region during that time. Historically, China’s view on women has been that of oppression, and they are merely treated with respect if they follow the conventional societal rules on the roles of women in the society (Cass and Spence 550). Spence here describes the burdens placed on widows, particularly by the legal code discouraging remarriage after the husband’s death. Remarriage would cause the widow to lose any inheritance from the husband to the husband’s family. However, instead of achieving the desired effect of proving the wife’s loyalty to the late husband, it merely prompted the husband’s family to put pressure on the widow to remarry. Spence however relates the story of a woman who resisted this pressure, which unfortunately resulted in the murder of her only son by her late husband’s family. The murdered was punished, but a part of the late husband’s family became the widow’s heir (Entenmann and Spence 270). In the fourth part, â€Å"The Feud,† Spence talks about a local family who runs a group of

RESEARCH ISSUES IN HUMAN RSCOURCE MANAGEMENT Essay

RESEARCH ISSUES IN HUMAN RSCOURCE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example For example, interpersonal hostility may have deleterious effects on both the job satisfaction and well-being of victims (Mikkelsen and Einarsen, 2001; Tepper 2000; Ashforth 1997; Einarsen and Raknes 1997). What is more, interpersonal hostility may also lead to high costs for organisations, in the form of increased absenteeism and higher turnover of personnel, decreased commitment and productivity, and negative publicity (Hoel, Einarsen and Cooper 2003; Tepper 2000). For society as a whole, this may lead to lower productivity, early retirements and increased health costs. As a consequence, many nations have adopted or are planning to adopt laws promoting dignity at work or banning different forms of work harassment. Workplace violence and bullying has been identified as a vital concern by trade unions in Britain and in many countries for several years now. As it is, many reports have vividly demonstrated the pain, psychological distress, physical illness and career damage suffered by victims of bullying, however, academic research began only recently. The most developed research comes from Scandinavia (Vartia 1996; Niedl 1996), where there is strong public awareness; government funded research, and established anti-bullying legislation. Bullying presents significant methodological problems for researchers. A crucial difficulty is that of definition as no clear agreement exists on what constitutes adult bullying. Although physical bullying is seldom reported, the workplace presents opportunities for a wide range of menacing schemes and devices. Five classifications of bullying behaviour have been provided (Rayner & Hoel 1997) -- threat to professional status (belittling opinion, public professional humiliation, accusation of lack of effort); threat to personal standing (name calling, insults, teasing); isolation (preventing access to opportunities such as training, withholding information); overwork (undue pressure to produce work, impossible deadlines, unnecessary disruptions); and destabilisation (failure to give credit when due, meaningless tasks, removal of responsibility, shifting of goal posts). There have been three main approaches to research into workplace bullying. The first has been qualitative and individualistic in perspective, identifying a role for the individual in terms of vulnerability to bullying or a propensity to bully (Crawford 1997; Lockhart 1997; Randall 1997) and explaining the dynamics of bully-victim relationships. The second approach is descriptive and epidemiological and is usually based on self report. These studies document the prevalence of workplace bullying, the types experienced, age and sex differences, who is told, what action is taken, etc. The third approach is influenced by theories and constructs in organisational psychology and has focused on the interaction between the individual and the organisation and how aspects of the organisational structure and climate of the workplace may encourage the development of a bullying culture (Rayner 1997). For researchers who

China's Health Care Initiative Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

China's Health Care Initiative - Assignment Example In general, financial difficulties in China make it difficult for the government to provide and for private citizens to access quality health services. Moreover, one of the basic aspects of health promotion is grounded on health education. Health education is a function of various health professionals, but more so for nurses who often spend the most time with patients and their families; and who are often deployed in the community setting. It is therefore important to conceptualize a program which can maximize the role of nurses in health education and community activism. Hence, this program is being conceptualized as a means of improving the health outcomes in China. Goal/Objective/Activity Goal: To conceptualize a health education plan which will be taught by the hospital nurses to their patient during the latter’s stay in the hospital and by community-based nurses in the community setting Objectives 1. To teach proper hand-washing techniques to the patients and their famili es before discharge. Activities a. Demonstrating proper hand-washing techniques to the patient and their families. b. Explaining to the family the importance of applying proper hand-washing techniques and how they can prevent the spread and the acquisition of diseases through hand-washing c. Asking the patient and the family to demonstrate proper hand-washing techniques prior to discharge. ... b. Teaching the patients and the members of the community the schedules of immunization, the types of immunization available, and the benefits of having their children immunized 3. To teach the patients and the community the importance of a healthy diet and exercise, along with appropriate techniques in achieving optimum health outcomes. Activities a. Teaching the patients and the community the different benefits of adapting a healthy diet and exercise in one’s life. This includes teaching the patients the different essential foods which can provide optimum health and resistance to diseases. b. Teaching the patient and the community the importance of exercise and the different activities in which they can participate to reduce excess weight and to maintain a healthy lifestyle. c. Teaching the patient and the community the importance of avoiding excess intake of alcohol and/or drugs; the benefits of quitting smoking; and the different ways they can avoid the transmission and th e acquisition of sexually-transmitted diseases. 4. To teach the patients and the members of the community the importance of early prevention and treatment in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Activities a. Teaching the patients the importance of having regular check-ups and diagnostic procedures in order to ensure the early detection of diseases like cancer or AIDS. b. Teaching female patients how to properly conduct breast self examination and male patients how to conduct prostate self-examinations. This also involves teaching patients the different early signs and symptoms which can indicate the presence of diseases. Rationale/Significance Nurses are at the very forefront of health care delivery (Chambliss, 1996).

Off-balance sheet banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Off-balance sheet banking - Essay Example On the other hand, if the customer sells the investment and again deposits the amount in the Bank account, it becomes a liability for the bank. For instance, Citibank maintain an off-balance sheet asset of 960 billion $ which accounts for 6% of the GDP of United States. The formal distinction between On & Off-Balance sheets is quite critical and depends largely on the decisions of management. In true sense, a company would include assets and liabilities in their balance sheet if it either actually owns or for which it is legally responsible. For including an asset or liability in the Balance sheet, the asset or liability has to be probable, measurable as well as meaningful. Otherwise, the financial company or the Bank would treat the assets or liabilities as Off-balance sheet items. For example, a Bank which is facing a legal issue due to non-fulfilment of its liabilities would not include the amounts in its balance sheet until a complete judgment is received, until the amount of com pensation or recovery is delivered through judgment, or may include the risk in its balance sheet if it is negligible until the entire legal process is over. Importance of controlling Off-Balance Sheet Banking and Role of Financial Regulators Over the last thirty years, there has been a scenario of increasing crisis while the banks have increased their portfolio of Off-Balance sheet activity through securitization, mainly short term asset backed by commercial paper. This has produced linkage between the banking system and the shadow-banking system. Thus, the importance of regulation off-balance sheet banking by financial regulators is a very...Fall of Lehmann Brothers is an ideal example. Depositors not only withdrew money from their Bank accounts leading to sharp decline in deposit base of the banks but market investor also refused to invest in the share and stocks of the banks for which the share price of the banks fell steeply. This turmoil in the financial industry leads to incr easing accountability for the financial regulators for controlling Off-Balance sheet banking. Regulators control Off-balance sheet activity of Banks in order to safeguard their solvency and maintain the health of the national economy. Banks are expected to keep their Off-balance sheet assets and liabilities within a safe limit and also diversify the risk of Off-balance sheet activity. Banks are required to do a portfolio analysis of their borrowers through securitization and the offer financing to the selected parties in order to hedge the risk (Greuning and Bratanovic, 2009, p.48). Financing to a single large customer would affect the solvency of the bank based on the projected performance and repayment of a single party. On the other hand, diversifying the asset would reduce the risk the Off-Balance sheet risk. Banks are expected to look at the viability of settlement of funds before lending in Off-Balance sheet items. This would reduce the settlement risk of the Banks. Banks should look into comprehensive country risk in terms of irrevocable commitments, contingent liabili ties and foreign-exchange positions to reduce off Balance sheet risk

Annotated Bibliography with 5 sources (you need at least 3 for your

With 5 sources (you need at least 3 for your final essay) 100 - Annotated Bibliography Example Martin elaborates on the genesis and etiology of racial segregation in the college and competitive college sports. He elaborates being a previously white-dominated program has progressively become famous to the black population. However before the currently accepted participation of blacks and colored folk in sports there existed contentions and racial segregation. The historical background of racial discrimination will likely give the reader understanding of the driving forces of the practice. Tischauser describes the history and beginning of the Jim Crow laws and their implications on the colored populations. The attitudes and perceptions that led to their institution and legislation are also reviewed. Segregation has its genesis also in sports. The present professional football faced its share of racial interference. Levy analyzes the history of racial discrimination in sports and the eventual acceptance of colored people in its participation Over the years, racial segregation has undergone a metamorphosis. Previously openly demonstrated it is currently practiced under a well concealed itinerary of regulations and legislature. Tischauser explores the evolution of racial and ethnic conflict over the centuries and its current hallmarks in the

Housekeeping International Hotels Essay Example for Free

Housekeeping International Hotels Essay Housekeeping Standard Manuals define exactly how a room should be presented to hotel guests. This includes instructions on how the rooms should be cleaned, when they should be cleaned and a list of the things to be included in the rooms. The time of cleaning is very important as early or late cleaning could disturb the guests. Clean and presentable rooms attract and keep guests. This ensures order and smooth running of the hotel as there will be minimal complaints and confusion. These Housekeeping Manuals ensure guests are well treated and get what they are paying for. The manuals offer a guide on how to treat hotel guests and how to ensure they are comfortable during their stay. A quality service ensures good publicity on the part of the hotel management. This ensures the guests keep coming back and even recommend the hotel to friends and family members. Housekeeping Standard Manuals ensure safety and comfort of the guests. The Manuals offer instructions on what to do in case of emergencies and how to safely evacuate the guests. Body According to Diamond Edge (2007), â€Å"The guest is always right. †Housekeeping Manuals ensure that guests receive quality service. The Manuals ensure that guests concerns are dealt with swiftly and with a smile. Many studies have shown that clean rooms and public areas are the most important factors that determine whether the guests will return to the hotel. Clean guest rooms make a difference in the success of the hotel and the comfort of guests. (Diamond Edge 2007) The guests need a providence of all the accommodation products of the hotel, according to their requests. The accommodation products of the hotel include a mini bar, internet, room service and in-house movies. This provides comfort and entertainment for the enjoyment of the guest’s stay. Housekeeping Standard Manuals ensure safety of the guests. According to Andrews, one important quality of a room attendant is an eye for detail. The room attendant has to keep checking the rooms in case a guest is ill and needs urgent medical attention (Andrews 2001: 46). On the other hand, the manuals ensure privacy for the guests. This is usually through â€Å"do not disturb† signs and double locks for the guests. The room attendants have to knock in case they need any information from the guests. This makes the guests feel safe and secure in the hotel. The management includes the General Manager, the Front office manager, Housekeeper and Maintenance Manager. The General Manager assists with Marketing plans, reservations, maintenance and grounds keeping, maintains financial records and implement cost control measures. The Front office manager provides coverage as well as night auditor and desk clerks. To offer a high standard of service, the front office staffs have to understand the needs of their guests. The front office staffs need have a full knowledge of the products which the hotel sells, how these products can be offered for sale and the clients to whom these products will be sold (Huyton, Baker and Bradley 2001:29). The ability of front office staff to handle guest’s problem will either make the guest a friend of the hotel for life or chase him away forever. The front office staffs need to be calm, courteous and helpful and understand what the guest is going through when experiencing any difficulty. (Huyton, Baker and Bradley 2001). The housekeeper assists the room attendants who clean and maintain guest rooms and public areas. The Hotel Management is required to develop a competent staff. Management is required to meet the goals of the organization through the employees. Efficiency depends on how well the employees are motivated and instructed to meet the goals and objectives of the plans the general manager and staff have formulated (Bardi 2006). According to Pizam (2005), Housekeeping is the most important department in the hotel. The Housekeeping Staffs inspect rooms, clean rooms and maintains a continuous supply of linen and cleaning supply inventories. Housekeeping Standard Manuals helps in the thorough training of the room attendants. These Manuals also help executive housekeepers to maintain and control an inventory of all the supplies. Housekeepers are expected to ensure that the rooms are spotlessly clean. Anything less than perfect is unacceptable. (Pizam 2005:321-322). The Housekeeping Staff have to follow all the instructions on the Manuals to ensure compliance with the demands of the hotel requirements. Room attendants work in compliance with standard operating procedures that may specify as many as sixty items that must meet a given standard in each guest room (Rutherford and O’Fallon 2006:184). The Manuals enable them to give quality service to guests. It guides them on how to attend to guests and thus ensure guest satisfaction. The housekeeping report is useful to the housekeeping staff as it determines which rooms need to be cleaned, which rooms are occupied and which need special attention. The room attendants need to follow the Housekeeping Standard Manuals instructions on keeping an eye on the guests. This ensures safety of the guests and security on the part of the management. Not all the guests are honest and have good intentions. Some guests could pose danger on the name of the hotel or cause the hotel to loose a lot of money. These include guests who may slip out without paying or guests who may pose danger to other guests through misconduct. Summary The importance of Housekeeping Standard Manuals and the effect they have on guests, Hotel Management and Housekeeping staff has been analysed. Housekeeping Standard Manuals take a lot of time and money but their usefulness is worth so much more. The needs of the guests are so many that they cannot be remembered by either the hotel management or the housekeeping staff. The Manuals makes it easier for the housekeeping staff to provide quality service to the guest without having to worry about forgetting something. The Manuals also make it easier for inspectors and managers to confirm that the room is presentable and everything has been provided for the guest. Housekeeping Manuals have a positive outcome on the guests in that these Manuals keep them coming back. The clean and well presented rooms contribute a lot to the good publicity of the hotel. Guests love clean rooms and other offers like accommodation products which make them feel comfortable and at home. Hotel General Managers use these Manuals to run the Hotel smoothly. These instructions make their work easy because these Manuals are a direct guide on how everything should be presented. There are also guides on steps to take during emergencies and how to address the problems of the guests. The General Manager has to only check with the other Managers once in a while to ensure that everything is running smoothly. The Housekeeping Manuals are most important to the Housekeeping staff. They guide them on the rooms to clean, what to use during cleaning and when to clean the rooms. They also give the exact details on what to include in the rooms and how to present these products to the guests. This helps them to offer quality service to guests and to know how to deal with guests in case of difficulties.

Theory Of Work Adjustment Management Essay

Theory Of Work Adjustment Management Essay This theory implies that people and their environments interact. This interaction happens because both have needs that have to be satisfied and this often through each other. For people to satisfy the needs of their environments, they will need the right behaviors, flexibility, skills, attitudes, experiences, knowledge and other tools. Satisfaction levels may fluctuate and for environments to satisfy people, they need to provide the right rewards, autonomy, job content, ethics, tools, equipment, etc. For both environment and people to satisfy the other, they need to fulfill each others requirements as much as possible though it is said that the perfect match does not exist and that people and environments evolve and change due to evolving skills, knowledge and factors affecting the environment. For the employer to perceive the employee as satisfactory, there needs to be a skill set match with the job and the organization. The more the employees requirements are met, the more the sati sfaction he will perceive and therefore feel competent and committed. Renà © Dawis, George England and Lloyd Lofquist (1964) propose that in their career, individuals seek to satisfy: Achievement To progress and find maturity in their career. Comfort To work in a safe environment. Status To be recognized for work done and effort provided. Altruism To earn and provide for honestly. Safety To find stability and be able to stay that way for as long as possible. Autonomy To be able to be self sufficient when making decisions and taking actions. Hollands Theory of Vocational Personalities in Work Environment John Holland points out that the probability of career choices determining job satisfaction is high. This theory suggests that people find satisfaction in being with others having the same personality type and it applies to people in job environments. People also seek for careers that fit their personality, morale, beliefs, attitude and skills and where they can make the most out of them. Hollands work implies that there are six personality types and same number and type of environments; Realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising and conventional. Each personality type has particular areas of interest, specifications and requirements. Table 2. Interests by personality type Personality Type Interest Realistic Using hands, tools or machinery. Make, fix, assemble, build thing, etc. Investigative Question, research, investigate, observe, experiment, discover and solve problems, etc Artistic Express themselves using communication; art, words, music, video, drama, etc Social Work with people, inform, educate, coach, treat, help, serve, etc Enterprising Business type, leading, supervising, meeting people, talking, leading, etc Conventional Planning, follow procedures, organizing and accuracy, etc. Linking personality type to the similar environment will produce congruence. It is therefore more likely that success will follow people matching their environment type as they will be more satisfied being compatible and in harmony with their work. Incongruence may bring people to look for more appropriate environments to evolve and find stability Graphic of personality types matched to careers Figure 1. Matching persons with compatible career Source: http://www.careerkey.org/asp/your_personality/hollands-theory-of-career-choice.html Self-concept Theory of Career Development Donald Super (1990) found the link between age, career choices, career decisions and productivity. According to this concept, a persons productivity at work changes continuously during his career. These changes may be attributed to experience, changing work environment, changing personal needs (promotion, better job, recognition, retirement, etc). The self-concept theory is an evolution of Eli Ginzbergs work which has time as a core element that affects a persons perception and thereafter decisions. As time goes a persons needs, experience, perception and maturity change so decisions are calibrated and made accordingly. The life stage developmental framework has been put forward having the following stages: Growth (birth -14yrs) Development of self-concept, attitude, needs and general world of work. Exploration (15 24yrs) Trying out through classes, work, hobbies, uncertain choices and skills development. Establishment (24 44yrs) Entry level skill building and stabilization through work experience. Maintenance (or management) (45-64yrs) Constant tuning process to progress in position. Disengagement (65+yrs) Reduce output, prepare for retirement. Gottfredsons Theory of Circumscription and Compromise Both Gottfredsons (1981, 1996, 2002, 2005) and Donald Supers (1990) theories believe in the importance of self-concept. Self-concept is an individuals perception of the environment in relation to his/her personality. Career satisfaction is believed to arise from the alignment of career with self-concept. Career aspirations start in childhood where one tries to understand who does what in terms of social identity. Stereotypes are formed (gender, social status, prestige, intelligence) and maintained in part due to society and family. By removing barriers that they imposed upon themselves or the society imposed to restrict certain types of jobs which narrowed their career interests, people may find that they have more choices and more room to improve. Original choices were probably biased and some careers were possibly ignored due to lack of information or pervious lack of interest translating into missed opportunities. This study suggests that satisfaction may come with experience, giving a broader view of the career world and by changing jobs. Social Cognitive Career Theory We learn in different ways such as through observation, experience, feedback, etc. Reward and punishment are also inhibitors for learning and moulds for behavior. Learning is a continuous process as the world around us keeps changing. It is important to learn as it provides new data or modifies/updates existing ones that help shape our knowledge, values, behavior, preferences and skills that guide us in our actions. The social cognitive career theory (SCCT) is built and expanded on core constructs from a learning theory; the social cognitive theory (SCT) of Albert Bandura. The central idea is that there is interaction between environmental and individual variables as well as self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and selection objective to predict academic and career choice performance. The SCT recognizes the importance of a persons cognitive processes and mechanisms in channeling incentive and actions. Lent et al. (1994, 1996), explain that performance is affected by and results from the input of self-efficiency, past performance and outcome expectations. Banduras triadic reciprocality concept suggests that a person, the behavior, and the environment are all looped together to create learning in the person. Consequently the social cognitive career theorys triadic reciprocality, is a feedback loop between performance, achievements and behavior. The SCCT acknowledges that components of self-efficacy and outcome expectations predict vocational choice and seek to explain three main questions related to future performance; How do interests in academic and vocational areas develop? How are educational and career related choices made? How are educational and career performance outcomes achieved? Three concepts that affect career decision making process have been identified as self-efficacy, outcome expectations and personal goals (represented in the Social cognitive career theory performance model) ; Self-efficacy is belief in ones own judgment and abilities to thrive in particular situations which result in the way people behave and feel. Outcome expectation is what is generally expected from certain scenarios. Three expected outcomes have been identified as social (support/lack thereof), physical (compensation, rewards, status, recognition, etc) and self (satisfaction and self-fulfillment) (Bandura, 1986). Personal goals are used as guides. The goals which one wishes to achieve within educational/career interests are the goals represented in the performance model. Full-size image (7 K) Figure 2: Social cognitive career theory performance model Career choice tools There exist many tools to help future employees make the appropriate career choice and predict career success and satisfaction: Hollands Strong Interest Inventory The MBTI indicator Online career compatibility tests These tools must only be used to get an overview and those concerned not completely rely on the results because one may get another perspective while in the job. There are also other dimensions that may affect ones experience in a job as is discussed in the form of components leading to job satisfaction/dissatisfaction. High performance work systems Image can carry the horns  and  halo effect of a certain organization. No one wants to be associated to a bad image or reputation therefore organizations must perform whether in the private or public sector. High performance management systems are human resource practices planned to make the most effective use of human assets by aligning best practices (recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, training and development, reward, etc) to achieve maximum output (better skills, knowledge, confidence, maturity, satisfaction, etc). HPWS started in the manufacturing sector and are spreading to other sectors to close gaps between human resources, technologies, and the mission and vision of organizations. This system is supposed to make rigorous use of the elements of employment cycle plan from the very beginning by attracting the finest, hiring the best qualified persons fit for the job, providing appropriate training to gain skills required and enhance motivation by rewarding fitti ngly. HPWS are a combination of steady, consecutive and overlapping best practices, investing in human resources for the organizations own benefits. Table 3. Human Resources Practices Definition Practice Self-directed Work Team Self-sufficient, semi-autonomous work groups, self-regulating work teams or simply teams. The work group (in some cases operating without a supervisor) is responsible for a whole product or service and makes decisions about task assignments and work methods. The team may be responsible for services such as maintenance, purchasing, quality control, and hiring. Employee Problem Solving Groups (Including Quality Circles) Structured employee participation groups in which individuals from a particular work area meet regularly to identify and suggest improvements to work-related problems. The goals of these groups are improved quality and productivity; there are no direct rewards for group activity; group problem solving training is provided; and the groups only power is to suggest changes to management. Job Rotation A planned rotation of workers among different jobs. Total Quality Management Programs Programs that focus on providing customers with error-free products or services through a process of continuous improvement. Gain Sharing Gain sharing plans are based on a formula that shares some portion of gains in productivity, quality, cost-effectiveness, or other performance indicators. The gains are shared in the form of bonuses with all employees in an organization (such as a mill). They typically use employee suggestion committees and they differ from profit sharing and ESOPs in the basis of the formula is some set of local performance measures, not company profits. Examples include Scanlon plan, the Impro share Plan, the Rucker Plan, and various custom-designed plans Employment Security Policy Corporate or Mill Policy designed to prevent layoffs of permanent employees. Pay for Skill Program An alternative to traditional job-based pay that sets pay levels based on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they potentially can do, not on the job they are currently holding. Also called pay for skills, pay for knowledge, and competency-based pay. Profit-Sharing/Bonus Program A bonus plan that shares some portion of mill or corporation profits with employees. It does not include dividend sharing. Removal of Shift Supervisors/Delayering Elimination of a level of management (including shift supervisor) Source: http://www.paperage.com/issues/july_aug2007/07_2007work_systems.pd Psychological contract The public sector has many levels of hierarchy and this may be contributing to psychological contracts being unclear or lost. Contrary to legal contracts, psychological contracts are not written down; they are mutual, unspoken agreements or acknowledgement between the employee and the employer/management (Rousseau and Tijoriwala, 1998). Psychological contracts being un-discussed are sometimes hard to understand; Where to draw the line and what are included in the contract may stretch in complexity and be problematic as those concerned may be after their own interests which is described by Rousseau (1995) as the agreement is in the eye of the beholder. Psychological contracts are important to study as they deal with elements such as remuneration, work conditions, rights and have the potential to motivate, balance commitment and the contrary as well (Schein, 1978). Being higher in the hierarchy, employers have the upper hand and they can use this to promote a climate of people-building instead of people-using for the organizations benefit (Guest and Conway, 2002). Chapter 4: Literature review To err is human but to err within the work place, what are/can be the repercussions? Theories of job satisfaction may have inspired HRM which believes in managing work and people towards desired ends (Boxall et al, 2007). Many researchers have over decades carried out studies on job satisfaction and its components and have noticed the importance of job satisfaction on a variety of organizational variables (Chu et al., 2003). Organizations can achieve efficiency through properly managed assets. Along with capital, work methods, capabilities, knowledge, organizational processes, information, firm attributes and knowledge, human resource is an important contributor to the smooth running of an organization (Daft, 1983). Without motivated human resource, organizations will be unproductive even if they have all necessary production materials. This proves how important human resources are. Human resource management has humanized the work place providing workers better treatment and acknowledging that people must be treated decently so that they give their maximum to their organization. The Harvard model of HRM devised by Beer et al sees workers as resources that cannot be managed in the same manner as other resources of the organization. Morale is often defined as being equivalent to job satisfaction (Guion, 1958). Locke (1976) defined job satisfaction as the positive emotional state resulting from appraisal of ones job. Job satisfaction describes the feelings, outlooks or preferences of employees towards their work (Chen, 2011). Job satisfaction is expressed by positive/favorable attitudes consequently dissatisfaction by negative/unfavorable attitudes with which employees view their occupation and both the internal and external environment of the organization can be the cause. Sousa-Poza and Sousa-Poza imply that job satisfaction is determined by the balance between inputs (education, working, time, and effort) and out puts (wages, recognition, importance, fringe benefits, status, task importance and intrinsic aspects of the job). Cognitive Component An individuals perceptions, opinion, beliefs and expectations regarding the organization are the focus of his or her cognitions. Reward. Individuals develop expectations regarding their pay through negotiations, comparison to others, and promises made. Satisfaction is increased when these salary expectations are met. Likewise individuals develop an expected timetable for advancement. The extent to which these timetables are met also influences the individuals cognitive evaluation. Managerial. Satisfaction with ones boss is a function of how he or she meets your mental model (expectations) of how a leader should behave. (See Leadership Behavior) Task. The extent to which ones assigned task and responsibilities meet role expectations is the major determinant of an individuals cognitive assessment of his or her job. Work designs that include variables such as autonomy, responsibility and tak identity tend to lead to high levels of satisfaction with work because they allow for challenge which when met, lead to validation of important skills and competencies. Social Inducement System. How coworkers behave relative to your expectations of them and how they help or hinder your job performance is the basis of the cognitive appraisal of this inducement system. The corrections service has an undeniably important place in the criminal justice system and society (Goodstein MacKenzie, 1989). The MPS has over 900 officers working to provide services under the care of the Prime ministers office and a terrible service would negatively impact the PMO. As hypothesized, by concepts of job satisfaction, unhappy workers would mean less commitment to the job, downplaying the abilities of the decision makers. Ineffective public organizations have very often paid high prices for their negligence in the form of compensation which is an unfortunate loss for the tax payers. It goes without saying that public organizations have to assume the responsibilities vested in them. As far as the wellbeing of prisoners are concerned, there are countless human rights organizations in existence, enough to make the MPS toe the line but is it at the cost of good job content for prisons officers and senior prisons officers? Previous Research; Job satisfaction Economists, psychologists and career counselors all have an increasing interest in job satisfaction which is a vast and engaging subject. Many theories have tried to explain the when, how and why of job satisfaction. There are many factors that can influence job satisfaction and previous research can be used as guidelines but must not be an excuse to stereotype similar organizations, variables and results. Job satisfaction measures a number of factors some of which are subjective and psychological. Others are objective such as work conditions, the management, the organizations rules and regulations and the like. Figure : Determinants of job satisfaction Source: http://www.uri.edu/research/lrc/scholl/webnotes/Satisfaction.htm S.P. Robbins (1997) refers to job satisfaction as the difference between the amount of rewards employees receive and the amount they believe they should receive which can be in monetary or non-monetary terms. The notion of job satisfaction has emerged with contributing factors namely nature of the work, relation with coworkers, promotion opportunities, present pay and supervision (Stephen P Robbins, 1997) and immediate working conditions (John W. Newstrom and Keith Davis, 1996). Porter and Lawler (1972) through their research, identify job satisfaction as one-dimensional where, someone is usually either satisfied or dissatisfied with his/her job. Many other researchers disagree with this ideology, for instance Smith, Kendall and Hulin argue the contrary where job satisfaction is multidimensional as each employee may perceive different levels of satisfaction and dissatisfaction which can arise from each facet of ones job for example the pay, job content, supervisor, work environment, relations with co-workers, training, autonomy, management style, health facilities, relations with supervisor, procedural justice, tangible aids, office tools, participation in decisions, support of management, fringe benefits, promotion, etc. Reward does not need to be in monetary terms as explained by Ackerlof Kranton (2003) where psychic reward can be generated from the employees self-esteem and this confirms the theory that job satisfaction is multi-dimensional. Through their findings, Gagnà © Deci (2005) argue that employees autonomy, backed by managerial support, positively affect both job satisfaction and job performance. Pathik and Pestonjee (1997) found that work environment has influence on job satisfaction of employees and that politics-free work environment is significantly correlated to job satisfaction. Holmes (1997) contributes to the job satisfaction theories; finding that decentralization of authority affects job satisfaction levels. He also found employees  with  stock  ownerships and as such shared incentives including profit sharing, provided job satisfaction. Chapman (1998) states that a worker working as a team, experiences better job satisfaction compared to those working solo. It is apparent that there is a positive link between employees job satisfaction and welfare programs including maternity leave, benefits, transport allowance, bonus, medical allowance, etc (Bonner, 1997). Applebums (1997) study links job con tent in terms of variety, complexity and independence to job satisfaction. Clark (1999) found that current salary does not positively impact job satisfaction but increments over a period of time do. Opportunity for promotion and career advancement provide employees with a positive view of their work and organization (Schneider, Gunnarson, Wheeler, 1992). Clark (1997) and Golden Wiens-Tuers (2006) found that workload had a strong relationship with job satisfaction where excessive work load led to job dissatisfaction. Education level has been found to affect job satisfaction in many different ways depending on the other factors it is measured against such as age, job and pay (Sousa-Poza Sousa-Poza, 2000, Skalli et al. 2007). In Kalleberg and Loscocco (1983) findings, older workers in the USA feel higher satisfaction than younger ones. Shapiro and Sterns (1975) USA study shows a difference in the perception of job satisfaction between professional males and females with male employe es having higher job satisfaction. Organizational commitment results in better performance, less absenteeism and turnover claim Mowday, Porter and Steers (1982). Spector (1985) found motivation and quality performance emanating from satisfied employees resulting in less quits behavior and absenteeism. Theories of job satisfaction 2.2.1 Maslows Hierarchy of needs People behave in certain ways because they are motivated by certain factors (Arnold et al, 1991). People have needs and Maslows hierarchy of needs suggests that people will feel unfulfilled until those needs are met. Unsatisfied needs motivate people and the motivating factor is gone when the needs are mostly satisfied consequently the person automatically moves on to fulfill the next need and so on. Maslows hierarchy of needs developed by Abraham Maslow is a model consisting of five levels of needs to be satisfied, starting from the lower level where the most basic needs are to be met to the upper level where one finds self-actualisation. According to Maslows theory, in the management context, employee motivation can be addressed through an understanding of the physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs in the employment context by addressing issues such as: minimum wages, number and length lunch breaks, rest time, health and safety, pension schemes, job security, social events, team building, work recognition and appreciation, training and development and promotion schemes.

Catcher in the Rye Essay: Child to Adult -- Catcher Rye Essays

Child to Adult in The Catcher in the Rye  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a story about growing up. It explores the obstacles we all face during our transition from child to adulthood. The tragedies and triumphs, the breakthroughs and setbacks, the happiness and heartache. As you follow the book's protagonist, Holden, through his journey into adulthood, you learn about his life, but more importantly, you learn about your own. You grow to sympathize with the young rebel, and you begin to see traces of yourself in him. This book appeals to the child in all of us because we can all remember a time we'd like to go back to; a time when making our beds was our greatest responsibility and life was something we took for granted. Unfortunately, growing up means letting go, and leaving the past behind. It means not only do things change, but the way you look at them changes. No matter how badly you wish you could stop it, time advances and the world continues to turn. This is no exception for Holden. Thinking back on childhood memories of class trips to the museum he remarks, "The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobody'd move. You could go there a hundred thousand times....Nobody'd be different. The only thing that would be different would be you" (121). There have been times in each of our lives that we have wished we had a small cupboard of memories, all kept in little jars labeled with a time, a person, or a place we hope never to forget. Sometimes, one of the happiest and yet saddest parts of life is looking back on the part we have already lived, no matter how great or small. This is something Holden learns about life and about himself as he spends... ...erican teenager. He tests his boundaries and learns what he's comfortable with and what he's not. He forms a lot of opinions about the world. He quickly learns that life is no fairy tale full of gum drops and candy canes. The real world is a harsh place to live, and growing up in it isn't always easy. The book ends abruptly, leaving Holden's future up in the air. We can only imagine what's in store for him and where his travels will take him. More importantly, though, we have come to understand and sympathize with Holden's struggles, and we are sad to hear we have reached the point at which our paths part. Upon leaving, we can only hope that he is headed down the right road, and that destiny will run its course. But in reality, isn't that all that we can hope for ourselves? Work Cited Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Bantam Books, 1951.

To Autumn by John Keates - Critical Analysis Essays -- English Literat

To Autumn by John Keates - Critical Analysis John Keats once said about Lord Byron â€Å"He describes what he sees - I describe what I imagine, mine is the hardest task† To Autumn is evidence of his way of thinking, as the poem is a vivid, lyrical portrayal of the English autumn, as he imagined it. The poem celebrates autumn as a season of abundance, a season of reflection, a season of preparation for the winter, and a season worthy of admiration with comparison to what romantic poetry often focuses upon - the spring. The poem is rather literal in its meaning as it does not convey a deeper level of meaning that relates to the reader. The poem fails to â€Å"move† the reader in a philosophical, idealistic or moralistic way, and therefore bears no significant message to the reader. That is not to say that the poem lacks meaning or metaphorical significance, the poem was written to convey a sense of purpose to life and the worth of death. The poem achieves this by using descriptive and vivid expressions to describe the essence of autumn. The poem uses powerful language to achieve effect. It often makes use of imagery, exaggerated language and onomatopoeia to create an atmosphere of the English autumn, for the reader. Language such as this excerpt from the first stanza, And fill all fruits with ripeness to the core, To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells This type of language, especially adjectives such as ripeness and plump, provide the reader with an excellent ... To Autumn by John Keates - Critical Analysis Essays -- English Literat To Autumn by John Keates - Critical Analysis John Keats once said about Lord Byron â€Å"He describes what he sees - I describe what I imagine, mine is the hardest task† To Autumn is evidence of his way of thinking, as the poem is a vivid, lyrical portrayal of the English autumn, as he imagined it. The poem celebrates autumn as a season of abundance, a season of reflection, a season of preparation for the winter, and a season worthy of admiration with comparison to what romantic poetry often focuses upon - the spring. The poem is rather literal in its meaning as it does not convey a deeper level of meaning that relates to the reader. The poem fails to â€Å"move† the reader in a philosophical, idealistic or moralistic way, and therefore bears no significant message to the reader. That is not to say that the poem lacks meaning or metaphorical significance, the poem was written to convey a sense of purpose to life and the worth of death. The poem achieves this by using descriptive and vivid expressions to describe the essence of autumn. The poem uses powerful language to achieve effect. It often makes use of imagery, exaggerated language and onomatopoeia to create an atmosphere of the English autumn, for the reader. Language such as this excerpt from the first stanza, And fill all fruits with ripeness to the core, To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells This type of language, especially adjectives such as ripeness and plump, provide the reader with an excellent ...

I Have Created My Own Walden Pond :: essays research papers

I Have Created My Own Walden Pond Thoreau believed in â€Å"Living deep and sucking all the marrow out of life,† and so he lived on Walden Pond for two years to see how he could simplify in order to live to the fullest. I have created my own â€Å"Walden,† a place I could retire in order to escape the materialism of my society. The place that I created to go where there is no materialism and I can be myself and be who I want to be is a place that’s far away deep in the woods. This place is a place that anything is possible. All around you, you see nothing but flowers and animals, beautiful green grass and my own little cottage to spend my days in. Out there I don’t need to hassle with having to pay bills or having to find a job. All I need to do is sit back and relax. I like to fish for food, but I only catch what I can eat, because I don’t want my game to go scarce. I sometimes hunt for my dinner and look for food on the ground like pinecones, or bushes of berries. Out in the forest nobody has to worry about materialism they only have to be themselves. I chose this place because I love the forest and I love animals. I don’t want to put up any fuss about doing anything that I don’t want to do. I can enjoy living out there in the wilderness only listening to nature and the things that surround me. I bath in a river that flows fresh water in everyday. I am happy that I have pets because if I didn’t then I would be lonely all the time and I would have nobody to share my secrets with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My dwelling is not much, but it suits my needs, and out there I don’t need much. All I have is a chair to read in, a toilet under the tree outside, and a bed. I only have the necessities that I need to live. I build a fire every night for warmth and to cook my food. My house is just a cabin that can only fit me and my dog skip just the way that I want it. Flowers that make it look pretty and interesting surround my cabin. It’s something that’s cozy and something that I can just go to and think and be by myself and never have to worry about anybody or anything but my pets and myself. I Have Created My Own Walden Pond :: essays research papers I Have Created My Own Walden Pond Thoreau believed in â€Å"Living deep and sucking all the marrow out of life,† and so he lived on Walden Pond for two years to see how he could simplify in order to live to the fullest. I have created my own â€Å"Walden,† a place I could retire in order to escape the materialism of my society. The place that I created to go where there is no materialism and I can be myself and be who I want to be is a place that’s far away deep in the woods. This place is a place that anything is possible. All around you, you see nothing but flowers and animals, beautiful green grass and my own little cottage to spend my days in. Out there I don’t need to hassle with having to pay bills or having to find a job. All I need to do is sit back and relax. I like to fish for food, but I only catch what I can eat, because I don’t want my game to go scarce. I sometimes hunt for my dinner and look for food on the ground like pinecones, or bushes of berries. Out in the forest nobody has to worry about materialism they only have to be themselves. I chose this place because I love the forest and I love animals. I don’t want to put up any fuss about doing anything that I don’t want to do. I can enjoy living out there in the wilderness only listening to nature and the things that surround me. I bath in a river that flows fresh water in everyday. I am happy that I have pets because if I didn’t then I would be lonely all the time and I would have nobody to share my secrets with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My dwelling is not much, but it suits my needs, and out there I don’t need much. All I have is a chair to read in, a toilet under the tree outside, and a bed. I only have the necessities that I need to live. I build a fire every night for warmth and to cook my food. My house is just a cabin that can only fit me and my dog skip just the way that I want it. Flowers that make it look pretty and interesting surround my cabin. It’s something that’s cozy and something that I can just go to and think and be by myself and never have to worry about anybody or anything but my pets and myself.

Some Like It Hot

You must complete BOTH parts of this section. Format: – Each part must be written under the separate headings. – Present each of your observations as a bullet point. Each bullet point should identify your observation, indicate how and why this technique is used, and note the significance of this technique. – Note that you only have appear. 0 words per bullet point, since all ten bullet points are limited to 500 words, so you must be concise. – Each part has a series of terms/concepts which are there to help you think about the points you want to make.You do not have to discuss each of these terms; they are provided as a guideline. – You must write about the SAME film that you choose for your close reading in Section II. A) Sound (5 marks, or 1/3 of 1 5%) Using bullet points, identify five (5) key elements of the way that sound, music, dialogue and/or silence are used in the sequence, and provide concise examples. If relevant, you may also consider f ilm elements that stand in for sound, such as silent film titles.Possible elements you may (but do not have to) consider in your five observations: dietetic and non-dietetic sound synchronous and asynchronous sound music dialogue silence sound-image relations effect of soundtrack on characterization, etc. Onscreen and officered sound Using bullet points, identify five (5) key elements of editing in the sequence and briefly note the significance of the way each is used. Order of shots duration of shots shot transitions (I. E. , type of cut) nonentity editing or breaks in continuity rhythm and pace of the edit editing principles effects of cuts, etc.Short Essay (500 words) Putting It All Together (5 marks, or 1/3 of 1 5%) Write a short essay, with a brief introductory and concluding statement, that interprets your selected sequence in relation to the film's narration and thematic concerns. Taking into consideration soundtrack and editing, discuss how this sequence elaborates the narra tive meaning and main themes of the film as a whole. You should focus your points on the selected sequence, but strive to make injections to other parts of the film when/as relevant.You may draw on your technical observations from Section I to support your points here, but do not simply repeat your bullet points from the earlier section. Possible questions to consider (this is a guideline only, to help with brainstorming): What tools of narration are used? How does editing function as a tool of narration in this sequence? How does soundtrack support and affect the narration? What is the function of the sequence in the overall narrative structure of the film? Hint: You MUST watch the clip provided several times to do well on this assignment.To have a clear understanding of what your chosen film clip is about and how it fits within the narrative context, you will need to watch the whole film. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA the criteria below. What we're looking for in Section l: accurate technic al understanding insightful analysis (that is, how well you interpret the significance of the techniques rather than Just describing them) good choice of examples (from the clip) substance with succinctness (appear. 50 words per bullet point) What we're looking for in Section II: analysis of how technical elements (e. G. Ration, editing, sound) work in combination with one another engagement with film theme(s) as supported by technical observations coherent essay structure focused on insightful, key points clarity of prose and correct English usage

The Power of Now by Eckhart Tolle Book Review

Eckhart Tolle's book, The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment, is a self help book that is a shortened route to spiritual enlightenment. One needs to become aware of the present moment in order to experience joy in life. It's important to live in the present in life because the current moment is all we have. This can be done by controlling the mind in order to become untangled from it. The unconscious mind, the egoic mind, and the â€Å"pain bodies† all need to be addressed and dealt with for enjoyment of life to it's fullest potential. Our mind is our worst enemy, according to Tolle. This is because it loves to get itself into problems. The unconscious mind is always thinking. It is constantly looking back on the past, or ahead into the future, and ignore's the focus on enjoying the current moment. â€Å"When thought isn't connected with consciousness, it becomes insane and destructive† (24). Your unconscious mind will always be reflected in the body as an emotion, which has a strong physical component that is felt in the body. This emotion should be felt in the body, without it controlling you. Emotional pain is the main cause of physical pain. â€Å"The more you are identified with your mind, the more you suffer†(33). By accepting the â€Å"now†, you are more free from pain and suffering. This enables you to experience joy in life by being satisfied with the current state in which you are in. This means you are free from the emotions that arise from the unconscious mind thinking compulsively. The egoic mind that focuses on the past and future does not exist because nothing ever happened in the past or the future. Everything happened in the â€Å"now†. Past and future obviously have no reality of their own† (50). There has never been a time in your life that there was not the now, nor will there ever be. Many of us are ruled by our thoughts, emotions, reactions and desires. Often we feel a lack of completeness, a wanting, needing, or craving for something more. This could be money, success, power, recognition, or even a special relationship. Our n ormal state becomes focused through thought on these things, which need to be out of our focus in order to get full pleasure out of life. â€Å"Don't let your egoic mind take over your whole life† (49). Awareness of the present moment and allowing ourselves to enjoy living in it will contribute to our enjoyment of life. There are negative emotions, or â€Å"pain bodies† that our mind brings up which can interfere with our enjoyment of living in the present moment. Some forms of this pain include resentment, hatred, self-pity, guilt, anger, depression, and jealousy. Negativity can be stopped from arising by being fully present. This negativity is resistance that triggers the emotional pain-body. This is when minor situations result in intense negativity. The ego thinks that it can manipulate reality to get what it wants through negativity. Once we have got our hands on something negative, we don't want to let go. â€Å"Negativity is totally unnatural. It is a psychic pollutant, and there is a deep link between the poisoning and destruction of nature and the vast negativity that has accumulated in the collective human psyche† (189). When we notice negativity has risen within us, we need to use it as a signal to â€Å"be present† and get out of our minds. By doing so, we can increase our enjoyment of life because we are living in the â€Å"now† and dealing with whatever it may bring before us. In the current world, some of us are chasing after temporary pleasures, such as success, fortune, and things we desire. All this stress and worry over these things are not worth it at all. What's more important is to live in the current moment. It's important to realize that Tolle's teachings can apply to anyone who seeks to increase their enjoyment of life. Focusing on the present moment allows us to enjoy the life we are living, instead of being trapped in a non-existent world of reoccurring thoughts of the past and future.

The Contribution of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux to Landscape Architecture

4)To what extent Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux have contributed to the professional pattern of Landscape Architecture. Both Frederick Law and Calvert Vaux are actively take parting in Landscape Architectural undertakings in the 19Thursdaycentury. Calvert Vaux was a immature Architect in the twelvemonth 1857. He collaborated with Frederick Law in the Central Park competition. Apart from landscape undertakings Vaux besides committed himself as an designer planing assorted houses that harmonises with nature. Frederick Law Olmsted being known as the â€Å"Founder of American Landscape Architecture every bit good as a well-known park designer† by the National Park Service. Frederick Law Olmsted started the being a Landscape Architecture after experimenting and seeking out many different calling Fieldss. From a correspondent, societal observer and husbandman. He had many involvements in his early life. In landscape architecture, Olmsted combined his ideas and involvements in rural life and conditions and ideas of independent glorification to make a new signifier of civil technology that non merely focuses on its map but every bit good as beauty. The Urbanization Olmsted seen on the route with its involvement in rural jobs shortly make him wanted to work as a Landscape Architect. As he was touring about in Britain in the 1850s, he visited England’s Birkenhead Park, which was an of import and a accelerator in embarking into the landscape calling way. In the twelvemonth 1858, the metropolis commissioners selected, out of the entire thirty-tree designs being submitted in the competition for the new park ( Central Park ) the one chosen â€Å"Greensward, † which was the coaction work of Frederick Law and Calvert Vaux. Central Park is the acknowledgment of this design through its important characteristics. It was besides one of the earliest illustrations of a park that is being referred as a well balance work of landscape architecture, every bit good as the first in any state to suggest broad loosen uping evidences which have the beauty of minimalist natural scenery as it met the qualities of complete enclosure by a tightly built metropolis. Central Park was a great success where both he and Vaux are able to closely towards each other. The usage of hills, trees and curve paseos created a signifier of tranquility and farness from the metropolis. Both Olmsted and Vaux besides formed a company and designed major Parkss in Brooklyn, Buffalo and more. Apart from the formed company, Olmsted besides founded his ain personal house in the 1883 which led him to travel his place to overhaul Boston and created â€Å"Fairsted† known as the world’s first professional office for the Landscape Design. Vaux and Olmsted so started a long partnership with each other where they form the landscape thoughts of the place that should be played in the life of metropoliss. But single inputs by each of them has ever been ill-defined. Some besides argued that Vaux must be taking in the undertaking as he is more experience in landscape architecture as compared to Olmsted, therefore there is no ground to misbelief Vaux’s design. Soon subsequently, the park’s governments had decided to do Olmsted the Head Architect with Vaux as an helper. Although Olmsted had a batch of enduring in the ulterior old ages in order to foreground Vaux of import function towards the design every bit good as the development of the Parkss, Vaux had ever felt that he did non had the celebrity that he should have. Apart from the Central park undertaking, Olmsted and Vaux besides collaborated in 1865 after the Civil War on what many referred as their most successful design The Brooklyn’s Prospect Park. Not merely that they besides designed several other Brooklyn Parkss which includes the Carroll Park in Carroll Gardens, Washington Park and the Parade Ground and Tompkins Square. Olmsted and Vaux besides created a new signifier of tract that is able to work out the job of inefficiency of Brooklyn’s Grid Street system. These landscaped pavings are used to link assorted different vicinities to different Parkss all around the queen’s boundary line. Olmsted crafted assorted illustrations of designs which the Position of Landscape Architecture is able to heighten the quality of life in America. These include big urban Parkss being devoted to the contact and engagement of the scenery and designed to defy and equilibrate out the bogusness of the metropolis and the emphasis of modern life. One of the most of import conveyances were the Private carriages a smooth route reserved for them that is able to link Parkss and spread the advantages of public green infinite around the metropolis. Olmsted and Vaux designed the park to be able to make ways and way for the walkers and passenger cars to bask and look up to the park without holding to rag each other. The design of the roads is considered extremist as it allows vehicular entree to drive through the park without being divided from the park’s experience. It provides an array of public installations for the occupants and scenic saving safeguarding countries of extraordinary landscape beauty from devastation every bit good as commercial utilizations. Garden / landscape design could better both consciousness every bit good as the self-reflections of residents. With an increasing figure in alfresco flats, it encourages out-of-door activities where the garden infinite is a specified preparation land for the citizens populating around it. Governmental edifices would hold been more efficient and do understand the importance of planning. Olmsted’s design attack showed the complexness of his perceptual experience and even paid attending to the slightest inside informations for a occupant in harmonising green-space. Olmsted understands the concluding behind his landscape work which is capable of impacting the emotions of others. This was rather noticeable throughout his park designs, where he designed the pavings of the scenery such that the visitants would be saturated. Able to see the healing action of the landscape as what Olmsted would depict it as â€Å"Unconscious† procedure. In order to accomplish this result, he overpowered all the elements of the design in doing the land-art contacts more elusive. Olmsted ever wanted to believe in front of the current tendencies and actions and being able to deduce his designs based on the of import rules of human psychological science. In item, he cross referenced from the analysis of earlier British Sophist of tough-minded landscape and their attending towards the particular qualities of composing and attractive scenery. The kernel of agricultural landscape was the English cervid park, making an emotion of an hypertrophied infinite and its finely inflected land and smooth, a cropped lawn. He was able to gain that this manner is known as his particular expression to bring around the bad effects of an modern life. The â€Å"Picturesque† manner was being used in deep and worn out terrain, and followed by seting with a thick bed of different land screens, bushs and etc. This finally will ensue in a idea of charitableness, outpouring and secretiveness. His utmost experience of this consequence was on the Isthmus of Panama as he was go throughing through a journey to California. Where both signifiers includes the qualities of infinitude, and the deficit of remarkable objects for a item geographic expedition. As Olmsted defined it, the term â€Å"scenery† is ne'er applied to vision of any field that is seen as consecutive forward. Hence it should hold a degree of complexness in its forms and visuals closer towards the oculus, unimportant inside informations when looked farther off. These characters were of import for the unknown gesture of the scenery in head. They were besides an of import component to his design as practicing benchmarks for keen apprehension. The criterion of elegance that includes a mixture, complexness and a all right series of surfaces, colorss and tones were of import to Olmsted creative and cultivating intent. Although the site that Olmsted favoured needs a at least a rainfall in order to accomplish its result, he understood that bulk of the United States does hold a different conditions. Following that he sets out to develop a distinguishable landscape technique for the South, while in the West it requires a water-conserving technique. He applied the techniques of this attack with six undertakings in the San Francisco Bay and Colorado. During Olmsted calling, he and his house completed out over 500 commissioned undertakings. Which includes 100 Parkss and diversion countries, with over 200 private estates every bit good as legion residential undertakings and campus design for a smattering of academic establishments. Olmsted himself is a originative interior decorator, even though he had problem with showing his thoughts in words. With about six thousand letters were still about till this yearss, With its treatment with 300 design committees. And at times he paid for the publications every bit good as public distribution of these letters which includes his experience in journeys and several paperss by the United States committee. Calvert Vaux who is besides one of America’s well-known designer / Landscape designer. He besides shaped some of America’s most outstanding landscape during the 19Thursdaycentury. He worked with celebrated landscape figures such as Andrew Jackson Downing and subsequently with Frederick Olmsted, and therefore Vaux’s manner on the landscape architecture was ignored in the 20Thursdaycentury. Vaux was an optimist who worked difficult throughout his calling and life to better the life conditions of the lower category and promoted art instruction for all. Calvert Vaux had been successful in Architecture before the age of 24, where he came to America and met Downing. And after the sudden decease of toss offing in the 1854, the undertaking of planing the evidences of the capitol and the Smithsonian Intuition has yet been completed in America. In Vaux private life, he was a adult male of remarkable pureness, kindness and trustworthy. Although he lacked of socialising accomplishments, which was able to let him to hold a better place. But he still had many achievements and pattern of the best type. The calling of Vaux was an animating one for those immature creative persons who are fighting every bit good as citizens who are laboring and working in civic and small town betterments. Although the 1870s were Vaux’s most productive old ages but he latter shortly found out that his High Victorian Gothic Style against the lifting popularity of Neoclassical manner had shortly made his worked looked dull and outdated. Even though he won the undertakings with the High Victorian designer, for the American Museum of History every bit good as the Metropolitan Museum of Art and constructing the first phase of each of them, he shortly lost the undertakings for go oning the ulterior parts, due to the multiple reappraisals that the edifices had. His ability to win over big undertakings shortly beads, and he turned to planing Lodge houses and other good edifices for the Children’s Aid Society located over in New York City. Apart from that he besides devoted his last few old ages of life in concentrating undertakings on the New York Public Parks as landscape designer, which led him to plan several little Parkss throughout the metropolis and besides being able to go on his work on the Central Park. At his decease during 1895, Vaux did non take the function in the developments of architecture in America but he had left a long and unforgotten undertakings. In their late eightiess both Frederick Olmsted and Vaux collaborated with each other on Particular undertakings such as supplying free design service to the metropolis of Newburgh ( New York ) where they construct a park in memory of Andrew Jacks. Their concluding coaction concerns the Niagara Reservation. An country the province of New York bought as to forestall any signifier of commercial development which will compromise the scenery. Both Olmsted and Vaux composed their programs that would resuscitate the Niagara’s dramatic sceneries doing it accessible to tourist. In decision I think that both Landscape Architects did manner beyond their portion in the professional pattern of Landscape Architecture as they were really sensitive towards minor inside informations such as the landform, clime alterations, materials/surfaces and the ideas / activities of the people. They did non pretermit other points in its design such as transit in which are widely used boulder clay this twenty-four hours where they are able to plunge themselves in to the landscape, instead than being separated and divided. They besides tried to do roads and way efficient for both walkers every bit good as vehicles. And the landscapes that both work forces design had particular qualities in them where it’s designed towards tranquil and peaceable emotions. These psychological design qualities are a immense advantage towards the users in footings of de-stressing themselves and being able to look up to the elegant sceneries.

Public School Versus Home School Essay

Over the years people have debated which one is a better education system for children, whether it is public school, or home school. There are many arguments for which one benefits the student more, such as social development in children, the education level to which he receives and also the maturity level upon completion. With the number of homeschoolers growing at about 11% a year so you can see that the public opinion of homeschooling is slowly changing. Pros and Cons of public and home school education When considering the difference between public school and home school education there are many pros and cons for both sides it depends on the learning ability of the student. Here are some of those differences: Pros of Public School: * Learning within a social setting * Extracurricular activity availability * More curriculum opportunities * Diverse social education Pros of Home School * Free to choose curriculum * Free to choose schedule * Small teacher to student ratio. * Teaches students to be independent in their learning choices Cons of Public School: * High student-teacher ratio * Less independence (scheduled learning) * School chooses curriculum * Peers based on area instead of choice Cons of Home School * Usually more expensive than public school * Teachers are not always qualified to teach all subjects * It is harder to provide social interaction * Colleges sometimes have stricter admission policies concerning homeschooled students. Differences in social development. One main arguments between public school and home school is the social development of the student, according to a California study by researcher Dr. Brian Ray 92% of superintendents believe that home learners are emotionally unstable, deprived of proper social development and too judgmental of the world around them. And some home school parents argue that children are immersed daily in a hostile setting that constantly works to influence them in the ways of the world which their parents have not had time to prepare them properly. For example some people think that homeschoolers spend their days isolated from society at kitchen tables with workbooks in hand, even though there are many programs out there where they can get social interaction, NHERI reports that home schooled students participate in approximately five different social activities outside the home on a regular basis. On the other hand, parents of public school students now and days are not as surprised to see reports of or hear about school shootings; find drugs or condoms in backpacks; or receive phone calls from the police and principals. So the argument that home school parents make, is that they have more control on the social contact their children receive. According to a leading developmental psychologist, Dr. Gordon Neufeld, peer interaction instead of facilitating the process of socialization, it is now more likely to lead to the premature replacement of adults by peers in the life of a child. Such children become peer-oriented rather than adult-oriented and are more difficult to parent and teach. A parent who is truly interested in his child’s education and not just kicking against the system can easily find ways to give his child the socialization skills that will make him a better member of society. Public school advocates argue that the biggest problem with homeschooling children is that they miss out on socialization. They claim that by not being involved in the classical classroom environment, they miss out on social skills which are second nature to children from the public schools. Homeschooling parents who wish to give their children good social skills must go out of their way to  expose their children to social situations which they can learn these skills. Differences in educational advance Although many public school administrators say that parents lack the necessary skills to teach their own children and the department of education has no way of knowing if the homeschooled students are being taught the necessary curriculum they have passed legislation that requires parents to pass some level of certification with the state or local school district before teaching their children at home. Most of this can be discredited because of the study of Dr.Thomas Smedley, who conducted a study utilizing the Vineyard Adaptive Behavior Scales test, which identifies mature and well-adapted behaviors in children, where home schooled students ranked in the 84th percentile whereas public schooled students were only in the 23rd percentile. On average, government schools spent $6,500 per student every year and private schools spent $3,500. Parents undertaking home schooling spent of $550 per student each year, although this figure does not take into account the time spent by parents on home schooling for which a public schoolteacher would be paid. home schooling provides you not only with the opportunity to teach your children what you think they need to know to succeed in the real world, but it also allows them to opportunity to develop their own skills and interests to a degree that is rarely possible in the public schools. In conclusion, homeschooling can be the best option for a child if the following conditions exist: the home provides a suitable learning atmosphere, the parent is capable, the child is receptive and the option to home school exists. These factors include the enabling of parents, the emotional health of the child, interest and curiosity, the socialization of the child and the teachability of the child. Regardless of your choice, the important thing is to understand what is available and the consequences of both systems; although many teachers believe that successful home instruction by uncredentialed parents undermines their expertise and jeopardizes their jobs. Yet from the research the home learning environment seems more profitable for the students’ academic growth. References U. S. Census Bureau, The Barna Group, NHERI, Dr. Michael Slavinski, Dr. Brian Ray, Dr. Thomas C. Smedley, Dr. Larry E. Shyers, Dr. Michael Mitchell, Dr. Linda Montgomery, Dr. Rhonda A. Galloway, Dr. Amy Binder, Belick, Stacey; Kathryn Chandler; and Stephen Broughman, â€Å"Homeschooling in the United States: 1999. † NCES Technical Report, 2001-033. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2001 Smith, Christian, and David Sikkink. â€Å"Is Private Schooling Privatizing? † First Things 92 (April 1999): 16-20, Rudner, L. M. (1999). â€Å"Scholastic achievement and demographic characteristics of home school students in 1998†, Cloud, John and Jodie Morse. â€Å"Home Sweet School†, Neufeld, Gordon, â€Å"Homeschooling, Time. com, nheri. org, familyfun. go. com.

Organisational Behaviour Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Organisational Behaviour Issues - Essay Example Cambridgeshire is a county council in Cambridgeshire, England. It came into existence in 1889, following the enactment of the Local Government Act of 1888 (Cambridgeshire County Council, 2011, p.1). It is an organization which draws its employees from a variety of ethnic and racial backgrounds. It also employs people from both genders, irrespective of their age and whether they are physically disabled or not. Therefore, as an organization of a diverse nature, the Council has put in place structures to accommodate everyone as it strives to benefit from everyone’s skills, innovation, and creativity. The Council attributes its success, partly, to its successful handling of its diverse nature. According to Mullins (2007), diversity in an organization may lead to either its success or failure, depending on how it is handled. Therefore, it plays a very vital role in organizational behavior. As such, every manager with a strong passion to succeed in their duties should not only try a nd understand the diversity within their organization, but they should also effectively capitalize on it (Mullins, 2007). I believe Cambridgeshire County Council has been doing relatively well because its management has made sure that it has managed its diversity at the optimum level. This has, in turn, helped the Council to make a big step in developing its employees. It has, in the recent past, dropped assimilation and highly promoted acculturation throughout its activities (Cambridgeshire County Council, 2010, p.1).... Therefore, as an organisation of a diverse nature, the Council has put in place structures to accommodate everyone as it strives to benefit from everyone’s skills, innovation, and creativity. The Council attributes its success, partly, to its successful handling of its diverse nature. According to Mullins (2007), diversity in an organisation may lead to either its success or failure, depending on how it is handled. Therefore, it plays a very vital role in organisational behaviour. As such, every manager with a strong passion to succeed in their duties should not only try and understand the diversity within their organisation, but they should also effectively capitalise on it (Mullins, 2007). I believe Cambridgeshire County Council has been doing relatively well because its management has made sure that it has managed its diversity at optimum level. This has in turn helped the Council to make a big step in developing its employees. It has, in the recent past, dropped assimilati on and highly promoted acculturation throughout its activities (Cambridgeshire County Council, 2010, p.1). Leadership The Council has also tried to move away, as far as possible, from a somehow dictatorial form of leadership it used to employ, to a kind of participative style. This has been a way of handling power and politics issues within the organisation. To gain cooperation from subordinate employees, managers treat organisational leadership as a political issue; whereby people the employees are allowed to participate in the organisational activities with limited boundaries, and clearly knowing what they are bound to gain from the activities (Steer and Bigley, 1996, p.302). Today its management invests so much on its