The Slavery Of The United States - 2376 Words

During the majority of the nineteenth century, slavery was still prevalent until a couple years after the Civil War. This period is when slavery was slowly diminishing as time progressed, but not as much as anti-slavery individuals and organizations would have wanted, particularly in the north. These individuals were willing to put everything on the line to permanently abolish slavery, which was mostly still in existence in the south. Not even official government documents could eliminate the presence of slavery that existed, even if they were from the President of the United States of America, Abraham Lincoln. Therefore, extra help and force were needed, even if it was from someone that the people of the United States were not expecting. Frederick Douglass was continuously called by government officials to offer guidance on how the strategic abolishment of slavery should be completed. Douglass was invited to the White House numerous time to discuss the issue with President Lincoln , and the door was always open to him whenever he needed to discuss ideas of civil importance with the President. This research paper looks deeper into this moment of our American history, as this moment alone was controversial, but also extraordinary. The controversy that resides is that an ex-slave had a great deal of importance in America. An ex-slave that was looked upon by most as a nuisance of the Nation. Yet he would become an invited guest of the White House by the President of the UnitedShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unites States during the 1850s was a harsh time for African Americans, not only were they treated extremely harsh; but many of them were slaves as well. Slavery was the topic of every discussion during this time period and the United States was literally split on the issue of slavery. A lot of the Southern States wanted to continue slavery because it was a way of life. Many of the southerners depend on slavery to help grow and harvest crops that were on acres and acres of land. Northerns, onRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United State s1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitudes. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreSlavery And The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During these years, many different topics were up for dispute and compromises were being negotiated. Unfortunately, it was hard for all of the citizens to come to a complete compromise for the disputes. Some states had similar opinions, while others were in a deadlock. One of the biggest disputes during this time were over slavery. While other disputes only involve d a few states, slavery was a dispute that caused unrest between two distinctive regions in the United States: theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesEvery country has a dark past, whether it’s about conquering land from Native Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans wereRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to cure their complete opposition on the regulation of slavery by using federal power to coerce an end to the feud, yet the movement increased tension between the divided nation. By invoking both legislative and judicial po wer, politicians used laws which included slave codes and freedom laws as well as court decisions like Dred Scott v Sandford (1875) to convince or force the population into acceptance of stances on slavery. Each party viewed their tactics and ideas to be righteous, andRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreSlavery And The United States1507 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and t he Underground RailroadRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery has played a very integral part in the development of the United States so far. It has taught people the importance of racial equality and moral discipline, which was lacked back in the time when slavery existed. Moreover, slaves were used mostly by farmers and business owners who wanted to maximize their profits and wanted cheap sources of labor. Slaves were first imported into the United States back in 1502 by a merchant named; Juan de Cà ³rdoba. The South was very interested in bringingRead MoreSlavery And The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, when slavery existed, blacks were undermined and denied many freedoms entitled to them under the Constitution. There were many topics argued about, but slavery caused the most dispute within the country. In the 1850’s, the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North collided when the case of Dred Scott, a black slave who attempted to gain liberation, was brought to court. The North and South had vastly different views on the subject of slavery, Scott had resided in the free state of IllinoisRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1670 Words   |  7 Pageswedge between the nation. As the United States progressed into different industries, slavery benefited only one side of the country – the south. The north began outlawing slavery, deeming it as immoral and unconstitutional while the south needed and depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The opposing sides on the slave system lead to arguments between the North and the South as to decide what new territories would allow slavery, then leading on to outlawing slavery all together. Tensions increased

Red Zinfandel Is An American Classic - 1088 Words

Red Zinfandel is an â€Å"American Classic† wine. Until recently, Zinfandels was marked as a mystery grape in California as the origin was unknown. Through the recent Ampelography studies, it has been discovered that the Zinfandel grape is genetically identical to Italy s Primativo and to an ancient Croatian variety known as Crjenak Kastelanski. The zinfandel grapes actual origin is in Italy but is now primarily grown in California. Zinfandel grapes grow best in cool, coastal locations which California has a lot of. Differences in vine vigor and grape cluster size tend to separate the Croatian and Italian vines as it has Zinfandel flavor profiles are greatly affected by cultivation, terroir, and winemaking process. This has led Zinfandels in the America to develop its own independent history based on its particular flavor profile, name, history, and style. It is believed that the California Zinfandel probably originated in Croatia. On wine labels, U.S. regulations requi re that Zinfandel and Primitivo be identified separately. The effects of terroir are tremendous with this varietal. I purchased a 6 bottle case from Turley Vineyards that were of the same vineyard, same vintage but from different blocks of the Pesenti Vineyard. Turley is highly known in the wine industry for their expertise with this varietal. The blocks varied based on location such as hill tops, valley, sun exposure, soil, etc. A tasting was arranged with a group of my wine aficionados to analyzeShow MoreRelatedImpact of Radio and Television Advertising on Consumer Behaviour Special Referance on Consumer Durable Goods5906 Words   |  24 Pagesthe  fermented  juice  of  grapes,  made  in  many  varieties,  such  as  red,  white,  sweet,  dry,  still,  andsparkling,  for  use  as  a  beverage,  in  cooking,  in  religious  rites,  etc.,  and  usually  having  an  alcoholiccontent  of  14  percent  or  less. 2. a  particular  variety  of  such  fermented  grape  juice:  port  and  sherry  wines. 3. the  juice,  fermented  or  unfermented,  of  various  other  fruits  or  plants,  used  as  a  beverage,  sauce,etc.:  gooseberry  wine;  currant  wine. 4. a  dark  reddish  color,  as  of  red  wines. 5. Pharmacology  ,  vinum. WineRead MoreWine Consumption Essay examples6888 Words   |  28 Pagesa strong subset of exhibitors from Eastern Europe and the Middle East, such as Bulgaria’s Izba Karabunar , Lebanon’s Ixsir and Greece’s Chatzivaritis, who aim to capitalize on increasing consumer interest in discovering wines that are new to the American market. Even within the Old World, Portugal is making a substantial push to come out of the shadows of the other European heavyweights. Portugal is known for blended wines that pair very well with food, and in an effort to appeal to the internationalRead MoreEssay about FSM 2085 Term Project6577 Words   |  27 Pagescommunication skills and quick mind. The Lobby Lounge (Ritz-Carlton Hotel’s Lounge in San Francisco): it is a newly renovated lounge with great appearance as well as a number of choices for food and drink items. Guests could enjoy themselves in a classic space with most sophisticated selection of wines and cocktails. Windows Lounge (Four Seasons Hotel in Los Angeles): great place for guests to enjoy their Hollywood experience. It provides seats both inside and outside with smart interior designRead MoreMarket Segment Analysis to Target Young Adult Wine Drinkers7369 Words   |  30 Pagesresult in efficient, effective, and profitable marketing and sales efforts+ There are multiple types and levels of segmentation used in various industries, but those used most frequently by the wine industry are those that also fall into the four classic marketing segmentation bases+ These are ~1! geographic, which is based on where the customer lives, such as country or city; ~2! demographic, which is based on age, gender, income, social class, and so on; ~3! psychographic, which is based on lifestyle

The Things They Carried The Power Of free essay sample

Motivity Essay, Research Paper How does decease impact the behaviour of people? Although decease affects everyone? s behaviour otherwise, cognition of one? s at hand decease is a chief force behind behavioural alterations. This cognition causes emotions that motivate people to look for alterations, that do them hold to set. It makes them happen different ways to get by with war. This is the ground that causes the characters in a book called, The Things They Carried, by Tim O? Brien to hold to alter due to their state of affairs. They are in the Vietnam war and the horror of decease is ever hanging over their caputs. They have to happen ways to get by with that uncomparable fear. Their cognition of decease and its intimacy causes the work forces in the narrative to change their behaviour by modifying emotions to alleviate guilt, by exhibiting different actions to ease anxiousness, and for some by merely losing humanity exhaustively to pardon their actions. Guilt is a really strong emotion, and it demands adjustment really quickly. Guilt makes a individual regret how they ignored their values, and thoughts, and the demand for accommodation comes from desiring to non reiterate the misjudgment of their actions. Some attempt to replace the guilt with other emotions, for illustration, some make gags. Azar, for case made merriment of a small miss whose whole household had merely died, ? # 8230 ; , Azar mocked the miss? s dance. He did funny leaps and spins. He put his thenar of his custodies against his ears, and danced sideways for a piece, and so backwards, and so did an titillating thing with his hips? ( pg.136 ) . For him, the state of affairs grows lighter with laughter. Even though he knows nil is amusing about the state of affairs, he trys to replace the guilt with wit. He even went every bit far as to do merriment of person? s decease, ? ? A authoritative instance, ? Azar was stating. ? Biting the soil, so to talk, that tells the story. ? ? ( pg.168 ) . He makes gags, he knows its non amusing, but he makes gags. He makes gags non for others, but for himself. He trys to divert himself so he wouldn? Ts have to chew over about guilt, he wouldn? Ts have to believe about faulting himself for anything. The guilt that they all felt altered the manner they acted. Azar wouldn? T have of all time laughed at person? s decease usually, but the guilt of the state of affairs that he felt altered his actions. And these sort of unusual reactions to usually tragic or tense state of affairss are a manner to ease the feeling of guilt, hence making a manner for them to get by with decease. Anxiety about decease follows the work forces everyplace they go and they have many ways to mask their fright, and many ways to support against it. The work forces were ready for everything in the war: they had their wireless to name in aid, their guns to support against enemies, and their pride and self-respect to mask fright. Disguising fright is really hard because it is such a strong emotion. Great fright is impossible to conceal as apparent by the actions of the work forces when they were involved in the intense battles, they would state, ? # 8230 ; Dear Jesus, and floating-point operation about on the Earth and fire their arms blindly, and cringe and shortness of breath and beg for the noise to stop. ? ( pg.12 ) When it was all over, they would acquire up, dust themselves off, and attempt to smile and demo their self-respect and strength. Their strength in these state of affairss was lost for the clip, but because of the anxiousness they wanted to alter their existent behaviour to appear unafraid and ready for more. This type of action was done all the clip by the work forces, they weren? T being cruel, they were merely concealing their frights, O? Brien says, ? They were afraid of deceasing, but they were even more afraid to demo it. ? ( pg.45 ) This alteration in their behaviour is a disg uise of fright, but it is besides a defence against it. The work forces had many defences against fright including joking, being cruel, transporting guns, and killing other people. The work forces were most likely non barbarous persons, but to support against fright they had to take compassion for people, actions, and themselves. In order to manage the war, the work forces had to ease the anxiousness of decease, they had to have certain actions to make that. The violent nature that the soldiers get during their circuit in Vietnam is besides an illustration of the manner they dealt with the horrors. They merely turned evil, they didn? T attention, and if they don? T attention, they can? t concern. One of the soldiers, ? Norman Bowler, otherwise, a really soft individual, carried a Thumb # 8230 ; The Thumb was dark brown, rubbery to touch # 8230 ; It had been cut from a VC cadaver, a male child of 15 of sixteen. ? ( pg.82 ) Bowler had been a really good-natured individual in civilian life, yet the war makes him into a really hard-mannered, emotionally barren soldier, transporting about a cut off finger as a trophy, proud of his putting to death. The transmutation shown through Bowler is an first-class index of the psychological and emotional alteration that most of the soldiers have to undergo in order to digest the terror of war. Sometimes the alterations are even more drastic. A soldier named, ? Ted Lavender adopted an orphaned puppy # 8230 ; Azar strapped it to a Claymore antipersonnel mine and squeezed the fire device. ? ( pg102 ) Azar had gone to far in his effort to get the better of the great power of war ; to kill a puppy that person else has adopted is atrocious. However, these work forces had to do force the norm of their behaviour in order to even survive in the state of affairs. Another illustration can be that in the American bison narrative, ? We came across a babe H2O American bison # 8230 ; After supper Rat Kiley went over and stroked its nose # 8230 ; He stepped back and shooting it through the right forepart knee # 8230 ; He shot it twice in the wings. It wasn? T to kill, it was to hurt. ? ( pg.22 ) It would look that Rat displays a terrible emotional job here ; nevertheless, it is still the norm. The startling grade of degage emotion for these work forces is built-in in the war. They had to lose all emotion they had. They don? Ts have to worry about maintaining their emotions, and populating up to their values if they don? Ts have any. The loss of sensitiveness and the addition of violent behaviour among these soldiers is common in O? Brien? s book. They lose all emotion, sensitiveness, all humanity in entire. They merely didn? T attention, and thats the manner they dealt with it, they merely didn? T attention. The ground that the work forces changed in the war is because they had to. They couldn? T survive in the war if they had stayed the manner they were before the war. The atrocious apprehension of war demands change, it has the power to alter a individual dramatically. And everybody alterations otherwise. Some see it as covering with the guilt, some see it as covering with the anxiousness, and some think of it as obviously losing all emotion and turning into devil. The work forces changing is a chief ground due to the fright, and anxiousness, but there are other grounds why people change every bit good. Taking order is another manner a adult male can alter, and trade with the war. They did anything they had to, and they had an alibi for it. They were following the unwritten orders of the war. Why did you kill the American bison? Why did you kill the puppy? Why did you cut the Thumb of the small male child? Why were you so insensitive? Why did you do merriment of the small miss? They had merely one thing to state, merely one thing # 8230 ; , ? I was merely following orders. ? The Power of Mortality American Lit. Essay on The Things they carried.

The Question Of Legalizing Drugs Essays - Drug Control Law

The Question Of Legalizing Drugs The Question of Legalizing Drugs? Drug legalization is an enduring question that presently faces our scholars. This issue embraces two positions: drugs should not be legalized and drugs should be legalized. These two positions contain an array of angles that supports each issue. This brief of the issues enables one to consider the strengths and weakness of each argument, become aware of the grounds of disagreement and agreement and ultimately form an opinion based upon the positions stated within the articles. In the article ?Against the Legalization of Drugs?, by James Q. Wilson, the current status of drugs is supported. Wilson believes if a drug such as heroin were legalized there would be no financial or medical reason to avoid heroin usage; therefore, anybody could afford it (367). Wilson stated that during 1960's, British physicians were allowed to prescribe heroin to addicts until the number of addicts increased fivefold. He argued that cocaine is not a ?victimless crime.? Addicts victimize children by neglect and spouses by not providing (370). Wilson upholds that illegality of drugs increases crime because users need to pay for their habit (372). He believes the benefit of illegal drugs is it forces patients who enter under legal compulsion to complete their treatment due to the pressure and drug-education programs in the schools (374). Wilson is convinced the difference between nicotine and cocaine is that while tobacco shortens one's life, cocaine debase it and destroys the addic ts humanity (375). Wilson's argument is strong because he demonstrates his knowledge of the subject and supports it with many clear, scientific facts and historical examples of drug usage. He interprets facts differently by seeing ?logical fallacy and factual error? (371) in what other perceive as being a true. He also acknowledges his opposition by addressing how the advocates of legalization respond to his position. Wilson recognizes that that he may be wrong about his conclusions of drug legalization. Yet he states if he is wrong, money will be saved, while if he is right, and the legalizers prevail, then millions of people, thousands of infants and hundreds of neighborhoods will live a life of disease (377-8). In the article ?Drug Policy and the Intellectuals,? by William J. Bennentt, drug legalization was not supported. Bennett wants to address the ?root causes? of drugs by means of the education, prevention, the media, and most of all the law (359). Bennett believes legalization will remove the incentive to stay away from a life of drugs (360). He thinks legalizing drugs would lower the cost to the allowance budget of a sixth-grader (360-1). Bennett believes that drug use will rise dramatically if legalized. (361). Bennett says that legalization advocates believe the cost of enforcing the drug laws is too great, but they do not ask what is the cost of not enforcing the laws. Bennett thinks the hospitals would be filled, more school dropouts would occur, and more crack babies raise the stakes of legalizing drugs (361). Contrary to Wilson, Bennett argues that crime would not decline with legalization. He believes there is a particular lesson to be learned from Prohibition. He is convinced that when alcohol was illegal, consumption went down, less alcohol-related disease existed, and much less public drunkenness happened(362). Bennett has no doubt law enforcement is needed with drug treatment and education plans and calls for a bigger criminal justice system in the form of drug prevention (363). Bennett holds a relatively strong argument. He blends clear and concise facts with a logical understanding of the matter well within his argument. He shows an understanding of others' viewpoints by addressing points of opposition several times during the article. Bennett demonstrates knowledge of the subject by supporting his points with examples and facts. In the article ?A War for the Surgeon General, not the Attorney General,? by Kurt Schmoke, legalization of drugs was supported in his argument for decriminalization. Schmoke agrees with Wilson saying that drug users are committing vast amounts of crime (379). He argues that the current criminal-justice system cannot handle the drug-related cases because there is no placement for the drug offenders now being arrested. He states that with less crowded prisons, there will be less pressure on prosecutors to

Descriptive Essay on My Pet

Descriptive Essay on My Pet Descriptive Essay on My Pet My pet is a dog named Tipsy. Tipsy is an adorable brown dog that has a few black spots spread across his body and tail. Tipsy is a kelpie crossed with a border collie, and he has fluffy velvety ears. Even though Tipsy has a very strong body frame, he has a very gentle face and is always a friendly dog to those whom he knows. If a stranger approaches out house, however, Tipsy can get very aggressive. He always barks loudly to attract our attention to the approaching stranger. Tipsy loves many things. Among these is to nuzzle his wet nose in my hands and in the hands on my parents and siblings. He craves attention most of the time because he is scared of being abandoned or ignored. I actually came across Tipsy while he was still a puppy. It appears his owner had abandoned him on the road. I found him wondering in our neighborhood. I informed my parents about the puppy. I wanted to keep him. They communicated with the local authorities so the authorities could allow us to adopt the pet. Tipsy loves food, especially bones. Once we have fed him his regular food, we always give him a few bones on which to chew. Tipsy can actually spend whole afternoons chewing bones because he loves them so much. Whenever Tipsy is worried, he looks at us with desperate eyes that appear like he is sad. He does so while wagging his tail from one side to the other. Whenever we see him exhibiting these signs, we immediately prepare him a quick meal and some bones for him to eat. Tipsy has also made it a habit to play with our cat, Toppy. Sometimes, Tipsy plays with and pours out the cat’s water, something that always leaves the cat giving him a vicious glare. Sometimes, the cat even meows as if to let Tipsy know that he is not very impressed with Tipsy for pouring out his water. Whenever, my dog plays with the cat’s water, I see him lifting his head as some of the cat’s water pours out from his tongue, like the way water drops from a waterfall. Tipsy also likes the chipping sound made by the birds that reside on the trees in our compound. Whenever Tipsy hears these sounds, he raises his ears and points them towards the direction where the chirping sound is originating. One can always observe the way his eyes light up with excitement whenever the birds begin making their soothing noises. My Pet descriptive essay writing tips: Since this is a description essay, one is supposed to describe the unique characteristics of one’s favorite pet which in this case is a dog. Since most dogs have a name, it is prudent that one begins this description by providing the name of the dog followed by the species to which the dog belongs. Once this is done, one can begin describing the things that the dog likes and those that it does not appreciate. For instance in this essay, the writer has described the way the dog loves food and what it does whenever it needs to eat some food. Ready to pay for essay help online? Dont hesitate to contact writing service now!

Discussing Friendship Lesson for English Learners

Discussing Friendship Lesson for English Learners Friendship is central to everyones life. Ive found over the years that students are always happy to speak about their friends. An added bonus is that speaking about friends requires students to speak in the third person - always useful practice for the dreaded s in the present simple. Discussing work or conversations about love can be fruitful, but if there are problems at work or at home, students might not want to discuss these popular topics. Friendship, on the other hand, always provides good stories. Use these quotes about friendship to help students explore their notions, preconceived ideas, expectations, etc. about their own friendships, as well as discuss what true friendship really means. As quotations generally provide insight into the topic, ask students to use the questions to help guide them through a discussion of each quotation. Aim: Improving conversational skills related to friendshipActivity: Exploration of the meaning of quotes related to friendshipLevel: Intermediate to advanced Outline Take a quick classroom survey rating their workplace asking students for a definition of friendship.Compare and contrast traditional views of friendship with the current trend of liking and friending on social networks.Read one of the quotes on work. Discuss as a class using the questions provided in the handout.Have students get into small groups of three to four students.Ask students to use the questions to discuss the quotes and how they relate to their own friendships.As a class, ask students if there were any comments/views that surprised them and why.As a class, clarify the characteristics of a good friend. Write a list on the board separating acquaintance and friend. What are the differences between the two?As a follow-up exercise, ask each student to write a short cause and effect essay based on their favorite quote about friendship. Students should include the reasons why they believe the quote is true and what effects following the advice should have. Questions Evaluate each quote below using these questions. Does the quote define friendship? How?Does the quote seem to suggest the differences between a true friend and someone who is not?Does the quote provide a key to success in friendships? If yes, what seems to be the key?Does the quote caution you about something concerning friendship?Is the quote humorous? If yes, whats the point of the joke?Which quote seems the closest to your own definition of friendship?Which quote do you disagree with? Why? Quotes â€Å"Dont walk behind me; I may not lead. Dont walk in front of me; I may not follow. Just walk beside me and be my friend.† ― Albert Camusâ€Å"Its the friends you can call up at 4 a.m. that matter.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Marlene Dietrichâ€Å"The capacity for friendship is Gods way of apologizing for our families.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Jay McInerney, The Last of the Savagesâ€Å"The worst part of success is trying to find someone who is happy for you.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Bette Midlerâ€Å"Anybody can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friends success.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Oscar Wildeâ€Å"Wishing to be friends is quick work, but friendship is a slow ripening fruit.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Aristotleâ€Å"A friend may be waiting behind a strangers face.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Maya Angelou, Letter to My Daughterâ€Å"Friendship is delicate as a glass, once broken it can be fixed but there will always be cracks†Ã ‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Waqar Ahmedâ€Å"Friendship is always a sweet responsibility, never an opportunity.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Kahlil Gibran, The Collected Worksâ€Å"The antidote for fifty enemies is one friend.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Aristotle

Peer's comment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer's comment - Assignment Example Besides, he could have cited the Cliff palace as an ancient architectural structure. It was created by the ancient Pueblo people who inhabited the Taos Pueblo continuously for over 1000 years from CE 700 - 1250 in the current Colorado state, and related structures in Mesa Verde National Park from the 12th through to the 16th century. I also agree with him that the colonial architecture construction unlike the Native Indians was dependent on resources like brick and wood and had common elements of English buildings of New England such as the Wren Building of the College of William (1695-1702). It is true that the Native American architectural structures differed greatly from those of the early Colonial Americans’. For instance, according to Hayley, the long house and the colonial residential house were distinctly different as shown in the figures below. However, Hayley fails to not that the tepees were built by and the poles were actually covered with buffalo’s skins. On the other hand, I also agree with Hayley’s answer that when the Europeans settlers arrived in America, they brought with them their own construction techniques and architectural traditions. The settlers’ buildings were made of timber frames that were filled inside with wickerwork covered with clay. The outside walls were covered with wooden boards for weather protection. The roof top was steep and covered with grass that was dried (Corner, 134). However, both of them cite the wigwam and tepees as examples of Native American structures and provide images of the structures. Besides, they all argue that the colonialists’ architectural designs were dependent on resources like brick and

Succession Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Succession Planning - Essay Example In simple terms, succession planning is an organisational process of pinpointing or selecting certain competent people as successors for key executive appointments like CEO, CMD etc. after expiry of terms of their current occupants and proactively planning their career moves in that direction. This process is straightforward in a family business where the heirs are obvious and well known. However, in other organisations, succession planning is required to be logical and well thought out management process in short and long terms requiring considerable effort towards grooming an individual for an extended period to take on the top job. This is the only tool we have today which sanctions the organisation to plan well-tailored and proactive career moves for their most talented pool of future managers. (Hirsh, 2000) However, if such succession planning is put off or ignored by the top management, the consequences can be catastrophic. This is especially so if the existing talent pool lacks competencies to take on challenges of a modern business world and there is no suitable candidate available from outside the organisation to take on the top job. Consequently, opinions vary considerably on whether succession plans should involve selection of existing talents within the organisation as discussed by Groves, Biggs (2004), Blackler & Kennedy (2004) and Cogner and Fulmer (2003) or top jobs should be handled by tapping talents from the outside market. While selecting employees from within the organisation has its own benefits like better motivation, higher integrity, reinforcement of management's faith in employers, good in-depth knowledge of strengths and weaknesses of the organisation and support from within due to familiar face at the top, but it is true that sometimes familiarity breeds contempt. In addition, there is possibility of previous conflicts with some good performers complicating or inflating into serious differences of opinions or rivalries. Nevertheless, it can be safely stated that succession planning is an important course of action at senior levels failing which an organisation can face tremendous difficulties i n the event of a sudden requirement to replace top executive. Further, once the successor is selected, the most important phase of his career planning or grooming for handling things at the highest level begins. Most family owned businesses lack in this professionally oriented grooming and training due to inherent complacencies of an assured future, which sometimes leads to complications due to personal rather than a proficient outlook. In extreme cases, this has even resulted in splitting up of large businesses into smaller units due to family feuds, sibling rivalries, and mutual disagreements over leadership and ownership aspects. In honest opinion of this author, such unpleasant dissections and associated negative publicities could have been avoided simply through proper succession grooming. Sadly, the lessons are never learnt and succession training to develop right competencies has never been given due importance. One aspect inhibiting proactive approach may be due to perceived and misplaced feeling of indispensability among the top management. The succession planning overcomes this very indispensability of an individual. Everyone becomes dispensable then. These conflicting perceptions can also lead to

English essay on Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

English essay on Of Mice and Men Essay Steinbeck uses an example of symbolism in the form of Candys dog. Re-read pages 70-76, what qualities/ values does this dog represent? Which human characteristics could be represented by these qualities/ values? Candy is the oldest man on the ranch. As he is the oldest, he has more things to worry about than the others. He has only one hand and a womens name, and through Steinbecks writing, we know why this is, because he has lost his masculinity and pride. He also has a pet extremely old pet dog, which he loves and everyone loathes, as they think it is useless and suffering, Candy thinks otherwise and doesnt want it shot. Candys dog, which doesnt have a name and is incredibly old in the story, represents the fact that things that are unimportant are unknown to other people. This represents Candy as an old undervalued character that is slowly loosing value like his dog. It establishes that if youre an old animal, then youre in trouble. This is why Candy is so reluctant to have his dog shot because he knows what its like to be old and unwanted, but because he and his dog share the same qualities, he feels like they are close friends that rely on each other. In the book, he says Im so used to him, he said softly. I had him as a pup. This shows the closeness between the two. Candy cant bear to imagine loosing something he has been so close to for most of his life on the ranch. And has he and the dog dont have anyone but themselves, Candy feels that he will be completely alone after the dog dies. Because Candy doesnt want the dog to die before him, he wants to savour what he has got left. Candy and the dog are both living on borrowed time, which means as soon as the boss finds out Candy is too old to work, hell throw him, and Candy wont have anywhere to go. When Candys dog does get shot he feels instant regret. This is because he felt he should have shot the dog, and not Carlson. Candy feels that by not doing this, he has betrayed his dog and let him down. If anyone is supposed to take responsibility over anyone, it should be their best or closest friend. He wasnt there to comfort the dog too, he feels guilt and is let down by his actions. Some one else that is in the same position as Candy and his dog are Lennie and George. George being the strongest to the two is very protective over Lennie. He makes a point of always telling what to do, but for his own good. People at the ranch criticize George on his choice of friendship, but this is because no one else seems to have a close companionship except them and Candy and his dog. They are jealous they dont have the privilege to have someone to rely on. George and Lennie really do count on each other, as they are planning to get some money together and buy and farm so they can grow their own food and have animals. At the end of the book, when George kills Curleys wife, he runs away just like George told him to and hides. When George finally finds him, he knows Lennie is going to be killed by an angry mob, so he takes the matter into his own hands. He speaks to Lennie about how theyre going to live, and about rabbits, as Lennie loves them so. This way he can kill Lennie without a sore consciousness and with Lennie truly happy. The only other couple in the story are Curley and his wife, who has no name in the book. This shows that women werent the same status like men, and also like Candys dog, she doesnt really have any value to anyones life in the book, so she dies along with Lennie and the dog. Though she and Curley didnt have a good relationship, he obviously cared for her, and went crazy when she was killed. Because it was Lennie who killed her, Curley felt like it was his responsibility to kill Lennie. Curley new what his wifes nature was like, flirtatious and open. This would make the reader think that Curley was maybe jealous that it wasnt him that killed her, but Lennie, who is seen as the village idiot. In this novel, I think Steinbeck was trying to tell us that if you have companionship throughout the toughest times of your life, dont count on it, because one day the other person will let you down. He also wanted to show that whoever you take companionship with; you will have to take responsibility of their death. He wanted to show the readers that in a tough time, you cant have someone to reply on all the time you have to be independent and strong.

Anne Bradstreet :: essays research papers

Oh God Help Me   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem For Deliverance from a Fever is a beautiful poem by Anne Bradstreet. The use of rhyme and rhythm throughout this poem depicts to me that Anne had an exceptional understanding of poetry and how to write poetry. Anne uses a great array of words to make the poem more appealing to not only the reader but also herself. This finely written poem portrays to me that Anne was a very spiritual women but maybe had doubts about everything going on around her. The course of this paper will iterate what the poem For Deliverance from a Fever by Anne Bradstreet means to me. I believe that Anne Bradstreet’s main purpose in writing this poem was not for the entertainment of readers, but for her to escape the oppression of women in the Puritan times. My reasoning behind this hypothesis being that this whole poem is just a prayer to God to rid her of the sickness, which ailed her. Why would Anne Bradstreet write this poem? I believe that Anne was writing this poetry as a rebellious effort to illustrate that women are just as talented as men, if not more talented. Every other line of this poem is a rhyme, if Anne was just writing her prayer down for her pleasure I believe she would have not put so much time and effort into finding the â€Å"perfect word† to rhyme with the previous line, if she had not meant this poem to be a demonstration that women can and will become un-oppressed one day. I believe one main purpose of this poem to show women that they should be able to express their ideas and feelings. This poem is not only a prayer to God to heal her unhealthy body, but it is thanking God for helping her in the past. In lines twenty-one and twenty-two, Anne writes, â€Å"Thou heard’st, Thy rod Thou didst remove And spared my body frail† (Bradstreet 277), These two lines, among other Anne Bradstreet poems, tells me that Anne was not a selfish women, she knew that she must thank God for what he has done for her in order for him to help her again. Anne was a very considerate person she was always looking out for others, mainly her children and husband. Toward the end this poem Anne Bradstreet is giving glory to God. She is thanking him for not only curing her illness at that time, but also thanking him for helping her with everything else that goes on in her life.

Pablo Picasso and Stelarc

Introduction- Pablo Picasso and Stellar are two artists who both use shock tactics to create artworks that resonate with the audience. Although ones a modernist and the other a postmodernist, they both share similarities in their subject matter, and that is shock value. Body 1- Pablo Picasso was a Spanish artist who was born in 1881. Picasso was a painter, printmaker, ceramicist, sculptor and stage designer who spent majority of his life living in France. Picasso showed outstanding talent from a young age, who painted in a realistic manner throughout his entire childhood, and into adolescence.Picasso as seen to be one of the most creative artists of the 20th century, who played a major impact influencing young artists. Picasso is also well known for co- founding the period of the cubist movement, along with the invention of sculpture which was constructed, the co-invention of collage and the numerous amount of styles of which he developed by exploring further than other artists. The cubist movement was a type of essential approach to the representation of form and space.The style was first formed from Analytic Cubism to the later Synthetic Cubism, in which forms seemed to be covered over one another. Picasso was seen as a modernist artist as he was the co-founder of cubism, as well as most of his art being abstract and full of shape. Modernism is known for being individual as well as providing artistic theories while expressing and testing out new ideas. The modernist style was firstly found in retail, entertainment, fashion and shops and wasn't properly recognized in art until the late sass's. Artworks- the Weeping Woman series features the most famous artworks in which Pablo Picasso painted. One of these artworks ‘Queering' is featured throughout the series. Queering is mural sized, oil on canvas which Picasso painted in 1937. Queering displays the chaos and tragedy of which individuals and innocent civilians, even animals and building experienced when the bombing of Queering occurred. The painting is seen as more of a peace symbol rather than an artwork, which helped bring the Spanish Civil War to the world's attention.Another artwork relating to Queering was Picasso famous artwork Weeping Woman'. Weeping Woman is viewed as a continuation of the tragedy obvious in Queering. Weeping Woman was also oil on canvas and was also painted in 1937, to Join his series. The woman which can be seen in Weeping Woman can also be found in his previous work Queering. She is en clutching onto what appears to be her dead child who was killed from the Spanish Civil War. There are a large variety of etchings, drawings and paintings that feature this emotional female character.Both Weeping Woman and Queering are seen as visual representations on the emotion and feelings that the people felt towards the bombing and war, although some people believe, these paintings were also evaluating the relationship Picasso had with the model Dora, which is the emo tional woman featured in these two artworks, representing the fiery relationship they had, although these artworks created a positive dynamic between the artwork, artist, model and even audience.Both artworks of Queering and Weeping woman are seen as the artist's personal way in shocking the audience by painting the torment of a man haunted by the horrific images of the massacres taking place around him, in the Civil War. Picasso work easily shocked the audience when they were first painted his works as it vilified government and war. Stellar is a postmodern artist who can relate to using the same theme which is shock value, similar to Stellar. Stellar is a Cypriot-Australian artist who was born in 1946.He moved from Cyprus to Australia when he was at a young age. Stellar studied Arts and Craft at T. S. T. C. , Art and Technology at CHATEAU and M. R. I. T. , Melbourne University. He not only studied, but taught Art and Sociology at Yashmak International School and Sculpture and Draw ing at Ballard University College. Stealer's work if often based on suspensions, simulations and interventions of the body, going further beyond what any other artist would usually go. He uses technology to confront the audience and challenge the concept of art.He unites artwork and audience by extending his own body and its capabilities, using it as a sculpture or boundary with technology. He is also well known by his bizarre and different style of artwork through the use of performance, art events and interactive artworks. Stellar has engaged with the theme of the body throughout majority of his artworks. He has the reputation to be involved with his artworks, therefore making them personal to himself and becoming engaged with also the audience.Stellar is a postmodern artist as he emerges art movement which contradict modernism in his artworks. Some of these art movements include intermediary, installation, conceptual art and multimedia, generally involving video which is describe d at postmodern. 2 artworks- Stellar is well known by many people as the artist who uses suspension to portray a performance, using his body as a medium. In the seventies, when Stellar first started experimenting with suspensions, he made his performances mostly private and all acts were performed with surgical equipment.Stealer's suspension performances attracted the audience as it provided them with excitement which occasionally generated shock value. Stealers artwork Suspension, involved his naked flesh, pierced with hooks, which were inserted with wires and pulleys which raised him up off the ground, pulling and stretching at his skin. When the hook enters Stealer's skin, it causes his body to become a physical extension. This then shocks the audience, although it stimulates a calm reaction from Stellar, slower pulse and blood flow is then diminished.Another famous artwork which Stellar has created to gain a reaction from the audience is his artwork Extended Arm. The Extend is c onstructed materials such as stainless steel, aluminum and acrylic. The artwork is a lifelike robotic hand, with five fingers, with some novel capabilities. It is able to do such movements such as wrist rotation as well as thumb rotation, individual finger flexing tit each finger being able to gripper in it.Similar to Picasso, Stellar designs his artworks in hoping to shock the audience which will attract the audience to gain interest in his artworks, and to get his name well known by the general public. As Picasso famous artworks have been around for years longer than Stellar, both artists portrayed their own type of shock. The way shock is seen now, in comparison to when Picasso first originally started creating artworks, has changed drastically, as shock back then wouldn't create the same impact in present.

Chinese history Essay

250 Word Essay One of the most important aspects of ancient Chinese history is the formation of the Silk Road, a trade route which spanned two continents and put China on the map as one of the most important import/export countries in the ancient world. It’s beginnings were smaller in scale as it only encompassed the Chinese Empire itself but it became apparent, after Zhang Qian made contact with Central Asian tribes, that the expansion the trade route would benefit both China and other Asian nations. It continued to expand under the Han dynasty and into Roman times (Beauty).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most important reasons for its formation as a major trade route was fear of marauding gangs that were eager to obtain the many goods that Chinese merchants filled their caravans with: silk, gemstones, incense, spices, and blue and white porcelain were just some fo the cargo traveled along the Silk Road. The Chinese army was even beefed up in order to protect this special route that helped to keep China’s economy booming. It’s reach expanded throughout China and Asia and eventually commerce was developed between the Roman Empire and China (Newton).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The long-term impact of the Silk Road on Chinese culture and history were that it literally brought a strong economy to China, and brought the goods and customs of other cultures into its borders. The traders, including Zhang Qian in 138 B.C.E., were able to learn economic, military, and geographical information that would help in the roads expansion and with Chinese military success. The Silk Road was so important to the culture of both the Eastern and Western world because during Roman times, even the lower socioeconomic classes depended upon the goods that were imported from China on the Silk Road, and even the religion of Buddhism was spread by way of the Silk Road. Its impact on the world was huge and its impact on Chinese culture even more prominent (Newton). Works Cited â€Å"The Silk Road.† Beauty, the Land of China. ThinkQuest. 19 Jan. 2007 . â€Å"The Silk Road.† Newton Public Schools. 19 Jan. 2007 .       100 Word Assignment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most surprising aspects of my research about the Silk Road was the vast expanse of space which is encompassed. It’s amazing how far the caravans had to travel and how large they were. From all accounts the Silk Road was dangerous to those traveling it because of the terrain and yet it was such an integral part of Chinese history and lasted for many years, even expanding. The images of the Silk Road that I could find reminded me the regal images of Chinese royalty, for some reason. It’s as if everyone is perceived as being clothed in silk from head to toe, even the camels! I definitely see how difficult the trip must have been because of the limited means of transportation that the merchants had access to, and how they could easily become victims of a raid for their goods. I also thought that it was interesting that Buddhism itself was virtually spread by way of the Silk Road. I was surprised to see that the Silk Road is being revitalized for tourism purposes and that there are many tour groups that specialize in trips just along the route that used to be traveled by Chinese merchants in ancient times.

What You Need to be a Stellar Nurse

What You Need to be a Stellar Nurse Nurses have the privilege direct hand in healing people every day, which makes the job extremely rewarding†¦ and very high-pressure. Do you have what it takes to excel? Here are some traits every good nurse should posses. Mental staminaAs a nurse, not only do you need the physical energy to be on your feet all shift and every shift, but you also must develop the skills to remain calm and cool in even the most dire of medical emergencies–every day. You are around high-pressure situations and it’s often up to you to maintain order.EmpathyNurses deal with patients (and their families) who are confused and scared. Sometimes, they’re unfortunately in a lot of pain, as well. While every patient in front of you is one in possibly hundreds you’ll see that week, you need the empathy to understand your patients’ physical and mental struggles and do your best to alleviate them. Nurses must be a calm, cool, and confident presence in the face of many differ ent ailments.Attention to detailIn nursing, vigilance is not only important, it literally sometimes a matter of saving lives! With doctors and patients both relaying tons of facts and figures, nurses must expert listeners and direction followers, down to the letter, many times a day.Communication skillsNurses are often called upon to explain complicated medical matters to patients in language they can comprehend–you need to be clear and direct, and patient enough to answer even the most minute of questions.The more you practice nursing and the more situations you encounter, more you will continue to develop these important traits.

Gomennasai Versus Sumimasen in Japanese

Gomennasai Versus Sumimasen in Japanese Both Gomennasai and Sumimasen are used when you have made a  mistake or inconvenienced someone. Sumimasen is also used when expressing a feeling of gratitude, but Gomennasai cannot be used in such situations. For the most part, it comes down to a matter of personal preference whether to use either Sumimasen 㠁™ã  ¿Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œ or Gomennasai 㠁”ã‚ Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£ â€¢Ã£ â€ž, but there are a few subtleties to be aware of. Sumimasen is a little more formal than Gomennasai.When you apologize to the higher or the senior, Sumimasen is used in general.Among the family members or close friends, it is common to use Gomennasai. Gomen ne or Gomen can be used in a more casual case.Older people tend to use Sumimasen more than younger people. Gomennasai can be used when apologizing to someone with whom you have a close relationship. But when speaking with superiors or people with whom one is not very close, Sumimasen or Moushiwake arimasen are used instead, since Gomennasi can have a childish ring to it.

Idea of the Third World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Idea of the Third World - Essay Example The term ‘third world’ is in real meaning a derogatory term used to describe these developing countries. The only ‘advantage’ that this term can get is ‘aid’ from the West. History has shown that in the past these so-called ‘third world’ countries were exploited, and completely stripped of their wealth by their colonial rulers, the very countries which now refer them as ‘underdeveloped’. As Irogbe, speaking about these colonial rulers comments â€Å"They did not hesitate to create and finance political parties in opposition to real nationalist ones†¦ used various other means to make sure that they handed over to those who would continue with the colonial policies in the nominally independent countries†¦Thus, a crucial problem of underdevelopment is that in this process of dependency there is a convergence of interest between the local or internal bourgeois and the external capitalist oligarchies†. All t hese nefarious dealings often made the development of these newly formed countries very slow and an uphill task. The word ‘third world’ until today, carries a picture of malnourished, non-whites living in abject poverty, which is not true anymore. Countries like China, India, and much more from the so called ‘third world front’ have put their economies in a strong position and are fast progressing to catch up with ‘developed world’. They are touted as the future powers and are in the process of taking charge of modern day world economy. Thus, we find the term ‘third world’ does not carry much meaning now, especially with the dissolution of USSR.

What is the effect of Tariff imposed by the US to Chinese solar panels Essay

What is the effect of Tariff imposed by the US to Chinese solar panels manufacture industries and on US producers - Essay Example Since the World Trade Organization provides for a free trade among its member states, such a move to impose tariffs on Chinese solar panels may not only infringe WTO trade agreement, but also bring disagreements that jeopardize the good trade relations that the country has had with China (Goldenberg, 2012). To better the situation for the American manufacturers, the commerce depart promised to enforce tariffs of 2.9 percent to 4.73 percent. This was after it was established that the Beijing government was offering unlawful grants to the Solar panel makers (Goldenberg, 2012). Some of the manufacturers acknowledged receiving government support and other cheap loans from the government. Though the imposition of the tariffs aims at leveling the unfair competition by Chinese manufacturers, some of the American based solar installation companies that rely on Chinese solar panels articulated their respite that the minimal tariffs imposed would not cause an increment in prices (Goldenberg, 2012). During his campaign trail, Obama indicated that renewable energy has for long been America’s innovation since solar power was first discovered at Bell Labs. Most of the countries have made efforts to promote clean energy sources to save the environment and reduce the effects of global warming (Goldenberg, 2012). The energy secretary noted that United States had overthrown China in clean energy investment by far. However, this growth in America’s clean energy was brought about by the low costs of Chinese solar panels. The increased demand for Chinese made solar panels has increased the United States solar panel imports from Chinese. This in turn resulted to the death of home grown solar manufacturing companies such as Solyndra and Evergreen Solar companies. This has resulted to embarrassment of Obama’s administration. Imposition of tariffs on the Chinese-made solar panels can assist the growth of the domestic solar panel manufacturers. Unfair competition, as noted

Strategy and change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategy and change management - Essay Example Therefore, several leading airlines have decided to merge with each other in order to reduce several business threats. Delta Airlines, Inc. and Northwest Airline Corp. in 2008 have proclaimed that they are going to merge with each other in order to create world’s largest airline named Delta. . Due to merger, the flexibility to acclimatize to the economic challenges of Delta has increased. After the merger, Northwest Airline is the completely owned subsidiary of Delta. According to the market characteristic theory of low-cost airlines, it is feasible that low-cost airlines usually compete in such a market where the traveller density is high enough to develop the competitive advantages by offering rapid-return and time to time services. Lower fares usually results from the economies of traffic density. This type of economies of scale is one of the key features in the airline network model. Such strategic actions also bring certain non-price benefits also. Current trends towards the product differentiation seem to be one of the elements of competition. Due to such strategic actions the airline companies have increased incentive to correspond and improve customer service quality. Due to the economic down turn the company along with the whole airlines companies in Europe and America went through a tough phase. The competition has been intense regarding fares, services and routes. Also the company indulged in to a legal battle with the union airlines. A problem faced by the company has been the over dependence on the North-American market Merger and acquisition in airline industry is one of the interesting topics within the industry. The airline industry has experienced high disorder due to high operational cost and increasing price of petrol (Hackbarth and Miao, 2007, p.33). The study will reveal the effect of merger on the business performance of two leading airlines

Analysis of Saudi Arabias Restaurant Industry

Analysis of Saudi Arabias Restaurant Industry Introduction: In this paper we will discuss the restaurant Industry in Saudi Arabia which is growing faster than anywhere else in the region; it is growing at a pace that is exceeding its infrastructure wwith different range of prices and classes, starting form as low as $1.00 USD and going up to $75.00 USD if youre into fancy restaurants  [1]  . The restaurant industry is very divers and large including: cafes/bars, full-service restaurants, fast food, home delivery and street stalls, all types of restaurants have a wide range of food specialization from ethnic, international, and local. There are also three main types of investors: independent owners, international franchise, and local restaurant chains. A restaurant chain is a set of related restaurants, typically with the same name in many different locations either under shared corporate ownership e.g. Al-Baik and Herfy. Typically, the restaurants within a chain are built to a standard format and offer a standard menu. A franchise is a right granted to an individual or group to market a companys goods or services within a certain territory or location. Some examples of todays popular franchises in Saudi Arabia are McDonalds, Subway, and Dominos Pizza. In order to analyze the attractiveness of the restaurant Industry in Saudi Arabia we will employ three different analytical tools, Porter five forces, assessment of the macro market environment known as (PESTLE Analysis), and SWOT analysis. Based on our analysis we will offer an advice to any new firm considering entering the restaurant industry in Saudi Arabia. PESTLE Analysis The effect of the Saudi politics on the restaurant industry Saudi Arabia is ruled by the family of Al Saud who since the establishment of their kingdom declared that it is ruled by the Islamic law. The Al Saud family also affirmed that they are committed to supporting the economic growth and be part of the developed nations. This goal is very challenging to achieve because fundamentalist Muslims refuse the idea of globalization, this lay a moderate political risk on the regime. On the other hand, this political situation affects the restaurant industry positively because the restaurant industry remains the major uncontested method of entertainment among Saudis. Particularly, by law, all restaurants are required to have single-males section separated from the family section to adhere to the tradition and religious requirements. Moreover, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is perceived as the leader of the Muslim world, because it is the home town of Makah; which Muslims from all over the world must visit at least once in their life time to complete the fifth pillar of their religion. This makes Saudi Arabia suffers from a tension in its international relationships mainly after the event of 911 because some of the western countries are holding the kingdom partially responsible for 9/11. This political situation is one of the main strength of the restaurant industry in Saudi; with no cinemas or night clubs, eating out becomes the main source of entertainment for most of the population. There is an appetite for new restaurants that exceeds any other region in the world  [2]  . The effect of the Saudi law and Regulation on the restaurant industry The recent ruler of the Saudi Arabia, king Abdullah, is respected internally and internationally for his efforts to fight terrorism and his large amount of public spending on reform plans have helped the country to overcome  [3]  most of its economic obstacles. The kingdoms major step toward reform was the application for membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and making consistent legal changes to meet with its requirements, but still there is mistrust from the Privet sectors toward the government, because of the unnecessary bureaucratic practices and inappropriate regulations that are seen as burdensome for the competitive market. Some areas are over regulated while others are under regulated. It takes almost six months to register a company, and the company must give a proof that it has substantial sum of money to invest, not less than $10,000. However, the regulatory changes made in recent years appear to have been of most beneficiaries to those Saudi companies which are seeking to expand through alliances with foreign investors  [4]  . Nevertheless, the law requires foreign investors to have a Saudi partner and the Saudi partner, individual or company, will have the majority of control over the business. Over all, the legal process is very complex and financially risky whether you are opening a small business or a major enterprise. The government should amend these processes to encourage foreign investments. The effects of Saudi economic on the restaurant industry The Kingdom is experiencing accelerated growth due to recent oil price spikes. The positive effect has been a rise in per capita GDP from approximately $8100 (1999) to $9575, or 18%, by 2005. Combine this with the fact that the Kingdom has one of the worlds fastest growing populations (3.5% per year) and you are faced with an expanding market with good disposable income levels. AC Nielsen research reports that the Saudi economy is expected to grow 8.7% this year, mainly fuelled by the high oil prices as well as strong private sector growth  [5]  Saudi remains the largest market in the entire Gulf. Many view Dubai as the showcase but Saudi proves to be the sales room and cash generator. Due to fact that Saudi Arabia is a third world country, it depends on imported goods and technology, the government commitments to the economic expansion creates job opportunities for professional trained foreigners and depend on them to fulfill the countrys ambitious development strategies. According to HSBC Bank Saudi Arabia is classified as the second in the wealth of professional trained foreigners. Saudi Arabia is ranked twenty two among other countries in the tourism sector. Moreover, Saudi Arabia hosts over five million pilgrims yearly from all over the world coming for Hajj and Ummrah. Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam which all Muslims must perform at least once in their life time. The restaurant industry is one of the major Beneficiaries from such advantage. Therefore, the government has been actively considering to expand what is believed to be billions of dollars worth of income in the tourism sector by attracting international tourists to the Kingdoms historic sites, in the mid-2008, a package of new relaxed visa rules were released allowing many groups from Europe to visit the Kingdom with a group tourist visa, which years before was unheard of. This policy has created a new segment for the Saudi restaurant industry. Also, the large number of foreigners, coming as workers or as tourist and pilgrims, with their ethnic background are considered the back bone for the restaurant industry. The effect the social characteristics on the restaurant industry Tradition and religion encourage Muslims to be hospitable and sociable. Inviting guests and friends to banquet in their home is the norm in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia Segregation between opposite gender exist in most sectors of public eservices, schools, universities, banks, this segregation unlocked job opportunities for large number of Saudi females. In the last few years it became easier to entertain guests and family to a restaurant for the busy working females or even have the restaurant food and staff to entertain them at home. Dining out became a habit among all social classes in the Kingdom with the lack of other entertainment venues due to religious issues. Therefore the trend of eating out is constantly growing among them.  [6]   This social characteristic will have a blooming and flourishing effect on the restaurant industry in Saudi Arabia where the main entertainment is going out restaurant. Perhaps the most pronounced feature of the demography is its young population where more the 59% are under 24 years of age. And part of the Saudi government or reform is to develop its workforce; to achieve this goal the government sends over one hundred thousand young students to peruse their higher education in highly developed countries every year. These large numbers of young people live abroad for almost five to seven years comes back with food and restaurant likes that they adopted during their scholarship.  [7]  This opened the door widely for international franchise in Saudi Arabia Some of the franchises that are currently present in Saudi Arabia, McDonalds, Hardees, Burger King, Popeye, Chilies, TGI, Fuddruckers, Pizza Hut among many others and are very popular among this young population along with foreign workforce, tourist, and pilgrims. The effect of technology and the environment of the restaurant industry The last of the two macro marketing environment forces are the technological and the environmental: In Saudi Arabia Technology in the restaurant industry is not limited to basic kitchen appliances and tools. However, one may not expect some complex equipments are used in the restaurant industry. Many restaurants are leading the way in regards to credit card processing and point-of-sale technologies, introducing new ways to serve their customers and increase the overall convenience of the dining experience. Of course, restaurants chains and franchise are the main benefactors of this development in communication  [8]   In Saudi Arabia there is no significant awareness from the government or most of the population to the environmental issues. All the restaurants that uses recycle paper or green energy are mostly international franchise applying their Owen corporate policy as part of their responsibility Porters 5 Forces Analysis Threat of New Entrants. The restaurant industry is the easiest to enter basically anyone who can cook, with the minimize capital amount can enter the business. Barriers to enter this industry are mainly in the bureaucratic regulation that might take time but this is not considered a serious barrier. Power of Suppliers. While there are plenty of food supplies, but they depend on imported material because Saudi Arabia is not an agricultural country. The import of food and foodstuffs are estimated to exceed $7 billion annually and the Kingdom remains the leading market in the region. Except for date and milk all other raw materials are imported. There are big numbers of suppliers and prices are controlled by the government. Only international food chains franchise might be obliged to buy its raw material from a certain supplier. Power of Buyers. The balance of power is shifting toward buyers. With so many restaurants the competition is very high. Buyers are always looking for the best quality and price. Going to restaurant is not an essential; people are always ready to try something new. With Variety of products to choose from, local, ethnic, and western couple with intense competition lead buyers seeks lower prices and better services. Disposable income levels and an expanding shopping mall culture are assisting this growth Availability of Substitutes. Substitutes for the restaurant industry in general include alternative form of entertainment like cinemas or night club. The available entertainment substitute is the shopping malls, where people will go shopping, or window shopping. Most fast food chains are showing positive growth and are ever present in all the new shopping malls Competitive Rivalry. Even though there are no figures revealing the size of this lucrative market, a high industry growth rate is intensifying the competitive rivalry the presence of so many available substitutes are a particularly challenging situation for some firms SWOT: Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats The Saudi restaurant industry is weak in economies of scale and labor productivity. Its strength is the ability to attract huge capital and labor with it openness to the world market. The restaurant industry is showing significant growth, on the other hand, this open market has intensified an open competition. The diversified culture of Saudi Arabia is the key to exploit Economies of scope. Also, exploiting the economies of scale is also an opportunity. The consumer preference for differentiated and healthy products is also another opportunity to exploit in enhancing the economies of scope. Although, the anticipated low population growth in the future could be a major threat as it would decrease the quantity of demand coupled with the increase in the retail chain the significant increase in small households and working women will create new opportunities for the restaurant industry. Conclusion and recommendation: In this assignment we carried out an analysis of the restaurant industry competitiveness in Saudi Arabia by employing three different analytical tools, PESTLE Analysis, Porter Five Forces, and SWOT Analysis. Based on our analysis we concluded with the following findings and advices to any new firm considering entering the restaurant industry in Saudi Arabia. The strength of the restaurant industry lies on its ability to attract huge capital and labor with it openness to the world market. The restaurant industry is showing significant growth faster than anywhere in the world. Many factors have contributed to this fast growth as such as the political, economical, and low labor market and other socio-cultural factors. The economical and political outlook for restaurant industry in Saudi Arabia is very encouraging, government shows commitment and support to economic growth which is reflected in its double-digit increase in government expenditures on many aspects that are related to the restaurant business. Furthermore, currently, the government economic plan emphasizes the strengthening the growing private sector business opportunities with focus on increasing the national and foreign investments as public spending has increased by 15.8% the government has increased the budget for new projects by 36%. One of the most promising aspects for the restaurant industry is the social changes in Saudi Arabia. For example, the role of females in the social and economic life is dramatically changing as women are now allowed to enter the work force and have huge impact on the purchasing power and certainly a change in womens lifestyle that is favorable to the restaurant industry. On the other hand, the legal process in Saudi is very complex and financially risky whether you are opening a small business or a major enterprise. The government should amend these processes to encourage further foreign investments. Also, the Saudi restaurant industry is weak in economies of scale and labor productivity. Based on the above findings, we strongly recommend and encourage any firm to enter the Saudi market keeping in mind the following points: The restaurant industry is highly competitive in terms of price, service, location, and food quality and is affected by changes in consumer trends, economic conditions, demographics, traffic patterns, and concerns about the nutritional content of foods. shifting dietary preferences among consumers in favor of alternative foods can open the doors for niche market The growth of the restaurant industry is expected to generally stay the same over the next few years and it can be considered a blue ocean. The restaurant industry is affected greatly by globalization and it will continue to be.

Impressions of My Antonia :: My Antonia Essays

Impressions of My Antonia My Antonia has been called nostalgic and elegiac because it celebrates the past. The inscription on the title page of My Antonia is a quotation from Virgil: "Optima dies... prima fugit." This sentence, meaning "the best days are first to flee", helps incorporate all the elements of the novel I would like to discuss. It not only makes clear that Willa Cather will deal with memories of a glorious past, but also allows suitable basis to show how nature can change and affect a relationship. It also hints at the Hellenic, to a large extent pastoral tone the novel will be set in. A pastoral work retreats to an ideal rural setting. Jim Burden not only goes back to the prairie, but more importantly, he retreats to the innocent days of his very first memories. While this reflects on the focus of the paper, I will use two characters, Jim and Antonia, to illustrate these issues, and show why they make this book such a delightful work of art. My Antonia is told from the point of view of Willa Cather's fictional friend, Jim Burden. He writes in the first person, and his use of the pronoun "I" makes you feel his personal involvement. The point of view is immediate and subjective. Looking back on his memories, he knows what is eventually going to happen to the characters. He persuades you to sympathize with all of them. His perception, being broad and persuasive, sets the tone for the whole book. What is the purpose of having the story told by Jim Burden thirty years later? From that perspective he can present with great clarity and tenderness the highlights of his memories. A man of the world, he is reinvestigating his values. Jim Burden sets down everything the name of Antonia brings back to him. Antonia represents to him the most fundamental, traditional way to lead one's life, including the virtues of hard work, charity, love, optimism, pride, and sympathy with nature. The prairie makes one think of the forces of nature--immense, cyclical, and unpredictable. When Jim Burden arrives on his grandparents' farms, he is awed by the sight of "nothing but land." His parents are both

Financial Forecasting CheckPoint Essay

The reason type of companies such as brand new companies, family-owned companies, and long-standing companies would need a financial forecast is to develop projected financial statements; a series of pro forma. The information developed by a series of pro forma provide a sort of estimate on inventory, payables, receivables as well as what would be required for profit and borrowing. A projected financial statement provides a kind of advantage in any of the companies listed above as it gives the firm an insight on operations. A pro forma would help guide companies in deciding how to best operate and succeed. When starting a brand new company a financial forecast is essential. A financial forecast would help a brand new company decide on how much inventory would be needed, cost of start up and production, and how much capital is needed. Obtaining a financial forecast would also help guide a brand new company on how much profit the company can make, whether a bank loan would be needed to start up and how many individuals can be hired. Family-owned companies need financial forecast just as much as a brand new company. A family-owned company would need a financial forecast for obtaining information from the simplest of things like how much inventory is in stock, profit sharing, expected expenses and profit for the future. A family-owned company would need a financial forecast to also make good decisions on continuing a successful business, which department needs revamped or tweaked. It is essential for a family-owned company to obtain a financial forecast to also estimate whether sales income would be enough to cover expenses and whether cutbacks need to be made.

Relaxing on the Beach

Relaxing On the Beach Everyone goes through stress at some point in his or her lifetime. Coming from Basic Military Training was no deferent. Consistently getting yelled at, even for doing the right thing, being in top notch physical shape by running five miles a day or paying attention to detail by removing one tiny microscopic string from one's uniform stress will eventually add up. While we all go through stress, we all need to deal with stress and relax in our own ways.The white sandy beach right off base is so calming and peaceful I can sit and relax with friends while letting my mind wonder and simply leaving the â€Å"real world† behind for the day. After being pummel by spit for eight and a half weeks In San Antonio, Texas. All I want to do is be on the white sandy beach of Billow, Mississippi, relaxing in the hot sun. Grabbing my six string. Few buddies, and other beach essentials I headed out the door in a flash.Walking outside to the beach I couldn't help but notice the white ND puffy cuneiform clouds in the sky telling me this was going to be a good day. We could hear kids laughing, sea gulls chirping, and waves crashing in the distant but Just couldn't tell how much further our trek had to go. Feeling like a camel walking across the Sarah Desert, we finally saw it, the big blue ocean only to be seen in travel magazines. A sea breeze hit our face making us feel and smell the freedom In the air.Immediately arriving on the white soft sandy beach, our sandals came off and we let our feet feel the sand between our toes. Walking down the beachfront we saw a rainbow of tent tops and with little kids laughing and giggling made music to my ears. Finally arriving at an empty spot we opened up the cooler and had our thirst quenched by ice-cold lemonade. We began laughing and telling jokes trying to soak up the sun's radiation to give us a golden bronze tan. Soon after being in the hot son we began lathering on suntan lotion, which gave off the aroma of summer, was finally here.After a while we all decided to take a nap and let our minds wander where they ay. Lying on the hot summer sand and listening to the sounds of summer, all of the stress has been slowly lifted off my shoulders, almost feeling weightless. We had no shoes, no shirts, and no problems. Eventually, the perfect day had to come to an end. Sitting down watching the waves slowly crash against the shore we listened to the six string guitar play a little melody that made one remind of the peaceful times of life and made the day nice and relaxing.Sitting there listening to the melody we watched the bright sun set running into an orange masterpiece for our eyes to fixate on. Nothing more could be done In this day to make it any more peaceful and relaxing. In conclusion, the beach can be a way to relax for the day and be a calming place for someone trying to get away from stress. Everyone goes through stress In life and 1 OFF and friends or watching the sunset while liste ning to a melody the beach can be a beneficial way to relive stress in one's life and leave the stress at the door of the â€Å"real world†.

Understanding Mass Media and Mass Communication

Understanding Mass Media and Mass Communication Mass media refers to the technologies used as channels for a small group of people to communicate with a larger number of people. The concept was first addressed during the Progressive Era of the 1920s, as a response to new opportunities for elites to reach large audiences via the mass media of the time: newspapers, radio, and film. Indeed, the three forms of traditional mass media today are still the same: print (newspapers, books, magazines), broadcast (television, radio), and cinema (movies and documentaries).  Ã‚   But in the 1920s, mass media referred not just to the number of people such communication reached, but rather to the uniform consumption and anonymity of the audiences. Uniformity and anonymity are characteristics which no longer fit the way people seek out, consume, and manipulate information into their daily lives. Those new media are called alternative media or mass self-communication. Key Takeaways: Mass Media Mass media as an idea was created in the 1920s.There are three major forms of traditional mass media: print, broadcast, and cinema. New forms are being created constantly.The internet has changed the nature of mass media by creating consumers who control and even create media of their own, and producers who can more easily track consumer responses.Being a smart consumer of media means exposing yourself to a variety of points of view, so that you can become more adept at recognizing subtle and not subtle forms of propaganda and bias. Mass Communication   Mass media are the transport forms of mass communication, which can be defined as the dissemination of messages widely, rapidly, and continuously to large and diverse audiences in an attempt to influence them in some way.   Five distinct stages of mass communication exist, according to American communication scholars Melvin DeFleur and Everette Dennis:   Professional communicators create various types of messages for presentation to individuals.The messages are disseminated in a quick and continuous manner through some form of mechanical media.The messages are received by a vast and diverse audience.The audience interprets these messages and gives them meaning.The audience is influenced or changed in some manner.   There are six widely acknowledged intended effects for mass media. The two best known are commercial advertising and political campaigns. Public service announcements have been developed to influence people on health issues such as smoking cessation or HIV testing. Mass media has been used (by the Nazi party in Germany in the 1920s, for example) to indoctrinate people in terms of government ideology. And mass media use sporting events such as the World Series, the World Cup Soccer, Wimbledon, and the Super Bowl, to act as a ritual event that users participate in. Measuring the Effects of Mass Media   Research on the impacts of mass media began in the 1920s and 1930s, with the rise of muckraking journalism- elites became concerned about the effects of investigative reporting in magazines such as McClures on political decision-making. Mass media became a prominent focus of study in the 1950s after television became widely available, and academic departments dedicated to communication studies were created. These early studies investigated the cognitive, emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral effects of media on both children and adults; in the 1990s, researchers began to use those earlier studies to draw up theories concerning the use of media today. In the 1970s theorists such as Marshall McLuhan and Irving J. Rein warned that media critics needed to watch how media affects people. Today, this remains a key concern; much attention has been paid, for example, to the impact on the 2016 election of false messaging distributed on social media. But the myriad forms of mass communication available today have also encouraged some  researchers to begin to investigate what people do with media. The Move to Mass Self-Communication Traditional mass media are push technologies: that is to say, producers create the objects and distribute them (push it) to consumers who are largely anonymous to the producer. The only input consumers have in traditional mass media is to decide whether to consume it- if they should buy the book or go to the movie: undoubtedly those decisions have always been significant to what got published or aired.   However, in the 1980s, consumers began to transition to pull technology: while the content may still be created by (elite) producers, users are now free to select what they wish to consume. Further, users can now repackage and create new content (such as mashups on YouTube or reviews on personal blog sites). The users are often explicitly identified in the process, and their choices may have immediate, if not necessarily conscious, impact on what information and advertising they are presented with going forward.   With the widespread availability of the internet and the development of social media, communication consumption has a decidedly personal character, which the Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells calls mass self-communication. Mass self-communication means that the content is still created by the producers, and the distribution is made available to a large number of people, those who choose to read or consume the information. Today, users pick and choose media content to suit their needs, whether those needs were the intent of the producers or not.   Computer-Mediated Communication The study of mass media is a fast-moving target. People have studied computer-mediated communication since the technology first became available in the 1970s. Early studies focused on teleconferencing, and how interactions between large groups of strangers differ from interactions with known partners. Other studies were concerned with whether communication methods lacking nonverbal cues could influence the meaning and quality of social interactions. Today, people have access to both text-based and visual information, so those studies are no longer useful.   The immense growth in social applications since the start of Web 2.0 (also known as Participatory or Social Web) has made huge changes. Information is now distributed in many directions and methods, and audiences can vary from one person to many thousands. In addition, everyone with an internet connection can be a content creator and media source.   Blurring the Lines Between Producers and Consumers Mass self-communication can potentially reach a global audience, but it is self-generated in content, self-directed in its mission, and typically focuses on self-related information. Sociologist Alvin Toffler created the now-obsolete term of prosumers to describe users who are almost simultaneously consumers and producers- for example, reading and commenting on online content, or reading and replying to Twitter posts. The increases in the number of transactions that now occur between consumer and producer create what some have called an expression effect. Interactions also now cross-media streams, such as Social TV, where people use hashtags while watching a sports game or a television program in order to simultaneously read and converse with hundreds of other viewers on social media. Politics and the Media   One focus of mass communication research has been on the role that media plays in the democratic process. On the one hand, media provides a way for predominantly rational voters to obtain information about their political choices. That likely introduces some systematic biases, in that not every voter is interested in social media, and politicians may choose to work on the wrong issues and perhaps pander to an active set of users who may not be in their constituencies. But by and large, the fact that voters can learn about candidates independently is predominantly positive.   On the other hand, media can be leveraged for propaganda, which exploits cognitive errors that people are prone to make. By using the techniques of agenda-setting, priming, and framing, the producers of media can manipulate voters to act against their own best interests. Propaganda Techniques in Mass Media   Some types of propaganda that have been recognized in mass media include: Agenda-Setting: Aggressive media coverage of an issue can make people believe an insignificant issue is important. Similarly, media coverage may underplay an important issue.Priming: People evaluate politicians based on the issues covered in the press.Framing: How an issue is characterized in news reports can influence how it is understood by the receivers; involves the selective inclusion or omission of facts (bias). Sources DeFleur, Melvin L., and Everette E. Dennis. Understanding Mass Communication. (Fifth Edition, 1991). Houghton Mifflin: New York.  Donnerstein, Edward. Mass Media, General View. Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, Conflict (Second Edition). Ed. Kurtz, Lester. Oxford: Academic Press, 2008. 1184-92. Print.Gershon, Ilana. Language and the Newness of Media. Annual Review of Anthropology 46.1 (2017): 15-31. Print.Pennington, Robert. Mass Media Content as Cultural Theory. The Social Science Journal 49.1 (2012): 98-107. Print.Pinto, Sebastin, Pablo Balenzuela, and Claudio O. Dorso. Setting the Agenda: Different Strategies of a Mass Media in a Model of Cultural Dissemination. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 458 (2016): 378-90. Print.Rosenberry, J., Vicker, L. A. (2017). Applied Mass Communication Theory. New York: Routledge.Strà ¶mberg, David. Media and Politics. Annual Review of Economics 7.1 (2015): 173-205. Print.Valkenburg, Patti M., Jochen Peter, and Joseph B. Walt her. Media Effects: Theory and Research. Annual Review of Psychology 67.1 (2016): 315-38. Print.

Brick Wall Strategies for Finding Your Ancestors

Brick Wall Strategies for Finding Your Ancestors When it comes to family trees things are rarely straightforward. Families often disappear between one census and the next; records are lost or destroyed through mishandling, fire, war, and flood; and sometimes the facts you do find just dont make sense. When your family history research hits a dead-end, organize your facts and try one of these popular brick wall-busting tactics. Review What You Already Have I know. It seems basic. But I cant stress enough how many brick walls are breached with information that the researcher already has tucked away in notes, files, boxes or on the computer. Information that you found a few years ago may include names, dates or other details that now provide clues given new facts that youve since uncovered. Organizing your files and reviewing your information and evidence may uncover just the clue youre looking for. Go Back to the Original Source Many of us are guilty when transcribing information or recording notes of only including the information we deem important at the time. You may have kept the names and dates from that old census record, but did you also keep track of other information such as years of marriage and country of parents origin? Did you record the names of the neighbors? Or, perhaps, you misread a name or misinterpreted a relationship? If you havent already, be sure to go back to the original records, making complete copies and transcriptions and recording all clues - however unimportant they may seem right now. Broaden Your Search When youre stuck on a particular ancestor, a good strategy is to extend your search to family members and neighbors. When you cant find a birth record for your ancestor that lists his/her parents, maybe you can locate one for a sibling. Or, when youve lost a family between census years, try looking for their neighbors. You may be able to identify a migration pattern, or a mis-indexed census entry that way. Often referred to as cluster genealogy, this research process can often get you past tough brick walls. Question and Verify Many brick walls are built from incorrect data. In other words, your sources may be leading you in the wrong direction through their inaccuracy. Published sources often contain transcription errors, while even original documents may contain misinformation, whether purposefully or accidentally given. Try to find at least three records to verify any facts that you already know and judge the quality of your data based on the weight of the evidence. Check Name Variations Your brick wall may just be something as simple as looking for the wrong name. Variations of last names can make research complicated, but be sure to check all spelling options. Soundex is a first step, but you cant count on it entirely - some name variations can actually result in different soundex codes. Not only can the surnames be different, but the given name may be different as well. Ive found records recorded under initials, middle names, nicknames, etc. Get creative with name spellings and variations and cover all the possibilities. Learn Your Boundaries Even though you know that your ancestor lived on the same farm, you may still be looking in the wrong jurisdiction for your ancestor. Town, county, state, and even country boundaries have changed over time as populations grew or political authority changed hands. Records were also not always registered in the locality where your ancestors lived. In Pennsylvania, for example, births and deaths can be registered in any county, and many of my Cambria county ancestors records were actually located in neighboring Clearfield county because they lived closer to that county seat and found it a more convenient trip. So, bone up on your historical geography and you just may find a new route around your brick wall. Ask for Help Fresh eyes can often see beyond brick walls, so try bouncing your theories off other researchers. Post a query to a Web site or mailing list which focuses on the locality in which the family lived, check with members of the local historical or genealogical society, or just talk through it with someone else who loves family history research. Be sure to include what you already know, as well as what youd like to know and which tactics youve already tried.

US Neutrality Acts of the 1930s and the Lend-Lease Act

US Neutrality Acts of the 1930s and the Lend-Lease Act The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws enacted by the United States government between 1935 and 1939 that were intended to prevent the United States from becoming involved in foreign wars. They more-or-less succeeded until the imminent threat of World War II spurred passage of the 1941 Lend-Lease Act (H.R. 1776), which repealed several key provisions of the Neutrality Acts. Key Takeaways: Neutrality Acts and Lend-Lease The Neutrality Acts, enacted between 1935 and 1939, were intended to prevent the United States from becoming involved in foreign wars.In 1941, the threat of World War II drove passage of the Lend-Lease Act repealing key provisions of the Neutrality Acts.Championed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Lend-Lease Act authorized the transfer of U.S. arms or other war materials to Britain, France, China, the Soviet Union, and other nations threatened by the Axis powers without the requirement of monetary repayment. Isolationism Spurred the Neutrality Acts Although many Americans had supported President Woodrow Wilson’s 1917 demand that Congress help create a world â€Å"made safe for democracy† by declaring war on Germany in World War I, the Great Depression of the 1930s spurred a period of American isolationism that would persist until the nation entered World War II in 1942. Many people continued to believe that World War I had involved mainly foreign issues and that America’s entry into the bloodiest conflict in human history had mainly benefited U.S. bankers and arms dealers. These beliefs, combined with the people’s ongoing struggle to recover from the Great Depression, fueled an isolationist movement that opposed the nation’s involvement future foreign wars and financial involvement with the countries fighting in them. The Neutrality Act of 1935 By the mid-1930s, with war in Europe and Asia imminent, the U.S. Congress took action to ensure U.S. neutrality in foreign conflicts. On August 31, 1935, Congress passed the first Neutrality Act. The primary provisions of the law banned the export of â€Å"arms, ammunition, and implements of war† from the United States to any foreign nations at war and required U.S. arms makers to apply for export licenses. â€Å"Whoever, in violation of any of the provisions of this section, shall export, or attempt to export, or cause to be exported, arms, ammunition, or implements of war from the United States, or any of its possessions, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both †¦,† stated the law. The law also specified that all arms and war materials found being transported from the U.S. to any foreign nations at war, along with the â€Å"vessel, or vehicle† carrying them would be confiscated. In addition, the law placed American citizens on notice that if they attempted to travel to any foreign nation in a war zone, they did so at their own risk and should not expect any protection or intervention on their behalf from the U.S. government. On February 29, 1936, Congress amended the Neutrality Act of 1935 to prohibit individual Americans or financial institutions from loaning money to foreign nations involved in wars. While President Franklin D. Roosevelt initially opposed and considered vetoing the Neutrality Act of 1935, he signed it in the face of strong public opinion and congressional support for it.   The Neutrality Act of 1937 In 1936, the Spanish Civil War and the growing threat of fascism in Germany and Italy boosted support for further expanding the scope of the Neutrality Act. On May 1, 1937, Congress passed a joint resolution known as the Neutrality Act of 1937, which amended and made the Neutrality Act of 1935 permanent. Under the 1937 Act, U.S. Citizens were barred from traveling on any ship registered to or owned by any foreign nation involved in ​a  war. In addition, American merchant ships were forbidden from carrying arms to such â€Å"belligerent† nations, even if those arms were made outside of the United States.  The president was given the authority to ban all ships of any sort belonging to nations at war from sailing in U.S. waters. The Act also extended its prohibitions to apply to nations involved in civil wars, like the Spanish Civil War. In one concession to President Roosevelt, who had opposed the first Neutrality Act, the 1937 Neutrality Act gave the president the authority to allow nations at war to acquire materials not considered â€Å"implements of war,† such as oil and food, from the United States, provided the material was immediately paid for – in cash – and that the material was carried only on foreign ships. The so-called â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision had been promoted by Roosevelt as a way to Help Great Britain and France in their looming war against the Axis Powers. Roosevelt reasoned that only Britain and France had enough cash and cargo ships to take advantage of the â€Å"cash-and-carry† plan. Unlike other provisions of the Act, which were permanent, Congress specified that that â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision would expire in two years. The Neutrality Act of 1939 After Germany occupied Czechoslovakia in March of 1939, President Roosevelt asked Congress to renew the â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision and expand it to include arms and other materials of war. In a stinging rebuke, Congress refused to do either. As the war in Europe expanded and the Axis nations’ sphere of control spread, Roosevelt persisted, citing the Axis threat to the freedom of America’s European allies. At last, and only after lengthy debate, Congress relented and in November of 1939, enacted a final Neutrality Act, which repealed the embargo against the sale of arms and placed all trade with nations at war under the terms of â€Å"cash-and-carry.† However, the prohibition of U.S. monetary loans to belligerent nations remained in effect and U.S. ships were still prohibited from delivering goods of any kind to countries at war. The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 By late 1940, it had become unavoidably apparent to Congress that the growth of the Axis powers in Europe could eventually threaten the lives and freedom of Americans. In an effort to help the nations fighting the Axis, Congress enacted the Lend-Lease Act (H.R. 1776) in March 1941. The Lend-Lease Act authorized the President of the United States to transfer arms or other defense-related materials – subject to ​the  approval of funding by Congress – to the â€Å"government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States† at no cost to those countries. Permitting the president to send arms and war materials to Britain, France, China, the Soviet Union, and other threatened nations without payment, the Lend-Lease plan allowed the United States to support the war effort against the Axis without becoming engaged in battle. Viewing the plan as drawing America closer to war, Lend-Lease was opposed by influential isolationists, including Republican Senator Robert Taft. In debate before the Senate, Taft stated that the Act would â€Å"give the president power to carry on a kind of undeclared war all over the world, in which America would do everything except actually put soldiers in the front-line trenches where the fighting is.† Among the public, opposition to Lend-Lease was led by the America First Committee. With a membership of over 800,000, including national hero Charles A. Lindbergh, America First challenged Roosevelt’s every move. Roosevelt took complete control of the program, quietly sending Sec. of Commerce Harry Hopkins, Sec. of State Edward Stettinius Jr., and diplomat W. Averell Harriman on frequent special missions to London and Moscow to coordinate Lend-Lease overseas. Still acutely aware of public sentiment for neutrality, Roosevelt saw to it that details of Lend-Lease expenditures were hidden away in the overall military budget and not allowed to become public until after the war. It is now known that a total of $50.1 billion- about $681 billion today- or about 11% of the total U.S. war expenditures went to Lend-Lease. On a country-by-country basis, U.S. expenditures broke down as follows: British Empire: $31.4 billion (about $427 billion today)Soviet Union: $11.3 billion (about $154 billion today)France: $3.2 billion (about $43.5 billion today)China: $1.6 billion (about to $21.7 billion today) By October 1941, the overall success of the Lend-Lease plan in assisting the allied nations prompted President Roosevelt to seek the repeal of other sections of the Neutrality Act of 1939. On October 17, 1941, the House of Representatives overwhelmingly voted to repeal the section of the Act prohibiting the arming of U.S. merchant ships. A month later, following a series of deadly German submarine attacks on U.S. Navy and merchant ships in international waters, Congress repealed the provision that had barred U.S. ships from delivering arms to belligerent seaports or â€Å"combat zones.† In retrospect, the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s allowed the U.S. Government to accommodate the isolationist sentiment held by a majority of the American people while still protecting America’s security and interests in a foreign war. The Lend-Lease agreements provided that the countries involved would repay the United States not with money or returned goods, but with â€Å"joint action directed towards the creation of a liberalized international economic order in the postwar world.† Meaning the U.S. would be repaid when the recipient country helped the U.S. fight common enemies and agreed to join new world trade and diplomatic agencies, such as the United Nations. Of course, the isolationists’ hopes of America maintaining any pretense of neutrality in World War II ended on the morning of December 7, 1942, when the Japanese Navy attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.